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Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition

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Abstract

Near-net fabrication techniques are highly beneficial to minimize rare earth metal usage to fabricate dense fully functional magnets. In this study, feasibility of using the directed-energy deposition technique for fabrication of magnets is evaluated. The results show that despite the ability to fabricate highly reactive materials in the laser deposition process, the magnetic coercivity and remanence of the hard magnets is significantly reduced. X-ray powder diffraction in conjunction with electron microscopy showed that the material experienced a primary Nd2Fe17Bx solidification. Consequently, the absence of the hard magnetic phase resulted in deterioration of the build properties.

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Acknowledgements

This research (HU, MPP, SKM) was supported by the Critical Materials Institute, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office. Work at LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Part of this research was also supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Manufacturing Demonstration Facility Tech Proposal with Arnold Magnetic Technologies. Thanks are due to Jim Herchenroeder at Molycorp Magnequench for providing magnet powders for this study. Thanks are also due to Dr. Ling Li for valuable discussions.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Huseyin Ucar

    Present address: Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, USA

  2. Steve Constantinides

    Present address: Magnetics & Materials LLC, Honeoye, NY, 14471, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Aerospace Bio Medical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Niyanth Sridharan & S. S. Babu

  2. Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Niyanth Sridharan, Fred A. List & S. S. Babu

  3. Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Ercan Cakmak

  4. Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Huseyin Ucar & M. Parans Paranthaman

  5. Arnold Magnetic Technologies Corp, Rochester, NY, 14625, USA

    Steve Constantinides

  6. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA

    S. K. McCall

Authors
  1. Niyanth Sridharan
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  2. Ercan Cakmak
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  3. Fred A. List
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  4. Huseyin Ucar
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  5. Steve Constantinides
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  6. S. S. Babu
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  7. S. K. McCall
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  8. M. Parans Paranthaman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Parans Paranthaman.

Additional information

Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan)

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Sridharan, N., Cakmak, E., List, F.A. et al. Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition. J Mater Sci 53, 8619–8626 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7

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