Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities offered by severe plastic deformation to prepare nanoscaled composites based on a bulk metallic glass. High pressure torsion was applied to a mixture of aluminium and metallic glass powders to process a composite at the nanoscale. Ultimate mixing of the two phases was achieved for a very large level of deformation resulting in a fully amorphous structure. Using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy, nanoscaled chemical gradients were clearly exhibited. The very high strength (HV ~ 700) of the final metallic glass is attributed to this unique nanoscaled composition modulated structure. The role of shear bands both in the partial mixing and in the amorphization mechanism is discussed on the basis of a simple geometrical model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vidal V, Thilly L, Van Petegem S, Stuhr U, Lecouturier F, Renault P-O, Van Swygenhoven H (2009) Plasticity of nanostructured Cu–Nb-based wires: strengthening mechanisms revealed by in situ deformation under neutrons. Scripta Mater 60:171–174
Gorsse S, Bellanger P, Brechet Y, Sellier E, Umarji A, Ail U, Decourt R (2011) Nanostructuration via solid state transformation as a strategy for improving the thermoelectric efficiency of PbTe alloys. Acta Mater 59:7425–7437
Nieh TG, Yang Y, Lu J, Liu CT (2012) Effect of surface modifications on shear banding and plasticity in metallic glasses: an overview. Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 22:355–363
Chen W, Wu C, Chen J, He A (2013) An electron microscopy study of vein-like grain boundary microstructure in nitrocarburized low carbon steels. J Mater Sci Technol 29:669–672
Perrière L, Champion Y (2012) Phases distribution dependent strength in metallic glass–aluminium composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Mater Sci Eng A 548:112–117
Wang Y, Li J, Hamza AV, Barbee TW (2007) Ductile crystalline–amorphous nanolaminates. PNAS 104:11155–11160
Nieh TG, Barbee TW, Wadsworth J (1999) Tensile properties of a free-standing Cu/Zr nanolaminate (or compositionally-modulated thin film). Scripta Mater 41:929–935
Donohue A, Spaepen F, Hoagland RG, Misra A (2007) Suppression of the shear band instability during plastic flow of nanometer-scale confined metallic glasses. Appl Phys Lett 91:241905
Valiev RZ, Islamgaliev RK, Alexandrov IV (2000) Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Prog Mater Sci 45:103–189
Kawasaki M (2014) Different models of hardness evolution in ultrafine-grained materials processed by high-pressure torsion. J Mater Sci 49:18–34. doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7687-9
Sauvage X, Wetscher F, Pareige P (2005) Mechanical alloying of Cu and Fe induced by severe plastic deformation of a Cu–Fe composite. Acta Mater 53:2127–2135
Sauvage X, Jessner P, Vurpillot F, Pippan R (2008) Nanostructure and properties of a Cu–Cr composite processed by severe plastic deformation. Scripta Mater 58:1125–1128
Tian YZ, Li JJ, Zhang P, Wu SD, Zhang ZF, Kawasaki M, Langdon TG (2012) Microstructures, strengthening mechanisms and fracture behavior of Cu–Ag alloys processed by high-pressure torsion. Acta Mater 60:269–281
Quelennec X, Menand A, Le Breton JM, Pippan R, Sauvage X (2010) Homogeneous Cu–Fe supersaturated solid solutions prepared by severe plastic deformation. Philos Mag 90:1179–1195
Wilde G, Rösner H (2007) Stability aspect of bulk nanostructured metals and composites. J Mater Sci 42:1772–1781. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0986-7
Zhang NX, Kawasaki M, Huang Y, Langdon TG (2013) Microstructural evolution in two-phase alloys processed by high-pressure torsion. J Mater Sci 48:4582–4591. doi:10.1007/s10853-012-7087-6
Xu W, Wu X, Honma T, Ringer SP, Xia K (2009) Nanostructured Al–Al2O3 composite formed in situ during consolidation of ultrafine Al particles by back pressure equal channel angular pressing. Acta Mater 57:4321–4330
Bachmaier A, Hohenwarter A, Pippan R (2009) New procedure to generate stable nanocrystallites by severe plastic deformation. Scripta Mater 61:1016–1019
Yoon EY, Lee DJ, Ahn D-H, Lee ES, Kim HS (2012) Mechanical properties and thermal stability of bulk Cu cold consolidated from atomized powders by high-pressure torsion. J Mater Sci 47:7770–7776. doi:10.1007/s10853-012-6569-x
Ashida M, Horita Z (2012) Effects of ball milling and high pressure torsion for improving mechanical properties of Al–Al2O3 nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 47:7821–7827. doi:10.1007/s10853-012-6569-x
Bellon P, Averback R (1995) Nonequilibrium roughening of interfaces in crystals under shear: application to ball milling. Phys Rev Lett 74:1819–1822
Ashkenazy Y, Vo NQ, Schwen D, Averback RS, Bellon P (2012) Shear induced chemical mixing in heterogeneous systems. Acta Mater 60:984–993
Nowak S, Perrière L, Dembinski L, Tusseau-Nenez S, Champion Y (2011) Approach of the spark plasma sintering mechanism in Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5 metallic glass. J Alloys Compd 509:1011–1019
Perrière L, Thai MT, Tusseau-Nenez S, Blétry M, Champion Y (2011) Spark plasma sintering of a Zr-based metallic glass. Adv Eng Mater 11:581–586
Koike J, Parkin DM, Nastasi M (1990) The role of shear instability in amorphization of cold-rolled NiTi. Philos Mag Lett 62:257–264
Prokoshkin SD, Khmelevskaya IY, Dobatkin SB, Trubitsyna IB, Tatyanin EV, Stolyarov VV, Prokofiev EA (2005) Alloy composition, deformation temperature, pressure and post-deformation annealing effects in severely deformed Ti–Ni based shape memory alloys. Acta Mater 53:2703–2714
Sauvage X, Ping DH, Blavette D, Hono K (2001) Solid state amorphization in cold drawn Cu/Nb wires. Acta Mater 49:389–394
Ma E (2003) Amorphization in mechanically driven material systems. Scripta Mater 49:941–946
Sun YF, Todaka Y, Umemoto M, Tsuji N (2008) Solid-state amorphization of Cu + Zr multi-stacks by ARB and HPT techniques. J Mater Sci 43:7457–7464. doi:10.1007/s10853-008-2634-x
Sun YF, Fuji H, Tsuji N, Todaka Y, Umemoto M (2010) Fabrication of ZrAlNiCu bulk metallic glass composites containing pure copper particles by high-pressure torsion. J Alloys Compd 492:149–152
Raabe D, Ohsaki S, Hono K (2009) Mechanical alloying and amorphization in Cu–Nb–Ag insitu composite wires studied by transmission electron microscopy and tomographic atom probe. Acta Mater 57:5254–5263
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sauvage, X., Champion, Y., Pippan, R. et al. Structure and properties of a nanoscaled composition modulated metallic glass. J Mater Sci 49, 5640–5645 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8279-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8279-z