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Insight into the nucleating and reinforcing efficiencies of carbon nanofillers in poly(vinylidene fluoride): a comparison between carbon nanotubes and carbon black

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Abstract

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposites containing homogeneously dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB) were fabricated by a small melt mixer. The uniform dispersion of the nanofillers in PVDF was confirmed by both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Both the heterogeneous nucleation efficiency and crystallization half-time show that MWCNTs exhibit higher nucleation efficiency than CB for the crystallization of PVDF. Meanwhile, MWCNTs show greater contribution to the reinforcement of the storage modulus of PVDF as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis, especially at low temperatures. However, the enhancement of the storage modulus in the melt state is reversed due to the network formed by serious agglomeration of CB. This study provides some insights into the nucleating and reinforcing efficiency of MWCNTs and CB in polymers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Special Funds for Major Basic Research (Nos. 2011CB606006, 2012CB025902), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51121001 and 51073109) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2011SCU04A03). The authors also thank Mr. Chao-liang Zhang for his kind assistance in morphological observations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China

    Kai Ke, Rui-Ying Bao, Xi-Qiang Liu, Zheng-Ying Liu, Wei Yang, Bang-Hu Xie & Ming-Bo Yang

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  1. Kai Ke
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  2. Rui-Ying Bao
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  3. Xi-Qiang Liu
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Correspondence to Wei Yang.

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Ke, K., Bao, RY., Liu, XQ. et al. Insight into the nucleating and reinforcing efficiencies of carbon nanofillers in poly(vinylidene fluoride): a comparison between carbon nanotubes and carbon black. J Mater Sci 48, 8509–8519 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7669-y

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