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Analysis of particle rolling and intrinsic rotations in copper powder during sintering

  • Sintering 2011
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Abstract

The common theoretical model used to describe the sintering process is the two particle model. This model describes comprehensively the growth of inter-particle contacts driven by the Laplace pressure. In three dimensions this model fails as cooperative material transport (i.e., movements of powder particles) occurs. The fundamental understanding of these processes is still rather sketchy and is derived from the observation of 1D or 2D samples. To observe and quantify cooperative material transport new experimental methods are needed, for example high resolution computer tomography in conjunction with photogrammetric image analysis. Single-crystal copper spheres were marked by drilling holes into the surface of each particle and two samples were prepared using the marked powder. One sample was heated continuously to 1,050 °C in a silica capillary and was analyzed by in situ synchrotron computer tomography (SCT) at the European synchrotron radiation facility in Grenoble. Free sintering was investigated by ex-situ SCT at Bessy II in Berlin. The novel technique of drilling holes into the sphere surfaces allows for the quantification of both intrinsic rotations and particle rolling by photogrammetry. The observed intrinsic rotations exceed the rolling by far and we conclude that the anisotropy of grain boundary energies results in grain boundary sliding. Furthermore, we present first computer simulations of sintering processes based on initial particle positions measured by SCT.

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Notes

  1. The occurrence of such thin gaps is unlikely and metrological inaccessible. Hence must be accepted. The low probability insures a low statistical significance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding of our research. In addition we would like to thank the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft for funding of the Virtual Institute “Photon and Neutron Research on Advanced Engineering Materials,” H. Riesemeier for the support at the BAMLine and Ecka Granulates for supplying copper powder. We are grateful to the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and especially M. Di Michiel for his assistance in using beamline ID15A.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    B. Kieback, M. Noethe & R. Grupp

  2. Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy, Berlin, Germany

    J. Banhart

  3. Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg, Germany

    T. Rasp & T. Kraft

Authors
  1. B. Kieback
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  2. M. Noethe
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  3. R. Grupp
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  4. J. Banhart
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  5. T. Rasp
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  6. T. Kraft
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Correspondence to B. Kieback.

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Kieback, B., Noethe, M., Grupp, R. et al. Analysis of particle rolling and intrinsic rotations in copper powder during sintering. J Mater Sci 47, 7047–7055 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6558-0

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