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Alkaline hydrothermal kinetics in titanate nanostructure formation

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Abstract

In this study, the mechanism of precursor dissolution and the influence of kinetics of dissolution on titanate nanotube formation were investigated. This comparative study explored the dissolution kinetics for the case of commercial titania powders, one composed of predominantly anatase (>95%) and the other rutile phase (>93%). These nanoparticle precursors were hydrothermally reacted in 9 mol L−1 NaOH at 160 °C over a range of reaction times of between 2 and 32 h. The high surface area nanotube-form product was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The concentration of nanotubes produced from the different precursors was established using Rietveld analysis with internal and external corundum standardization to calibrate the absolute concentrations of the samples. Interpretation of the dissolution process of the precursor materials indicated that the dissolution of anatase proceeds via a zero-order kinetic process, whereas rutile dissolution is through a second-order process. The TiO2 nanostructure formation process and mechanism of TiO2 precursor dissolution was confirmed by non-invasive dynamic light scattering measurements. Significant observations are that nanotube formation occurred over a broad range of hydrothermal treatment conditions and was strongly influenced by the order of precursor dissolution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering through the provisioning of an award (AINGRA07051P) for access to research equipment at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. The financial and infrastructure support of the Queensland University of Technology, Discipline of Chemistry, is gratefully acknowledged. The Australian Research Council (ARC) is thanked for funding the instrumentation. Drs L. Rintoul and D. Cassidy are thanked for their assistance and expertise with the instrumentation used in this study. Dr R. A. Caruso is thanked for her understanding and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Discipline, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia

    Dana L. Morgan, Ray L. Frost & Eric R. Waclawik

  2. Institute of Materials Engineering, PMB 1, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Menai, NSW, 2234, Australia

    Gerry Triani & Mark G. Blackford

  3. X-ray Analysis Facility, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia

    N. A. Raftery

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  1. Dana L. Morgan
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  2. Gerry Triani
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  4. N. A. Raftery
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  5. Ray L. Frost
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  6. Eric R. Waclawik
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Correspondence to Eric R. Waclawik.

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Morgan, D.L., Triani, G., Blackford, M.G. et al. Alkaline hydrothermal kinetics in titanate nanostructure formation. J Mater Sci 46, 548–557 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5016-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5016-0

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