Abstract
Surface tension (γ) data for both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels have been analysed to derive an equation which will apply to the surface tensions of all stainless steels. It was assumed that the Al content was sufficient to hold the soluble oxygen content down to 5 ppm. The surface tensions of stainless steels can be expressed in terms of two variables, temperature and wt% sulphur:
The calculated surface tensions were found to be within 3% of the measured values and values for the temperature dependence (dγ/dT) values were similar to the measured data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. A. HEIPLE and J. R. ROPER, Welding J 61 (1982) 975s.
K. C. MILLS and B. J. KEENE, Intl. Mater. Rev. 35 (1990) 185.
D. SCHWABE, A. SCHARMANN, F. PREISSLER and F. VEDER, J. Cryst. Growth 43 (1978) 305.
A. W. CRAMB and Y. CHUNG, Proc. Royal Soc A (London) A356 (1998) 981.
H. FREDRIKSSON and J. ELFSBERG, J. Scand. Met. 31 (2002) 292.
S. FELDBAUER and A. W. CRAMB, Proc. 78th Steelmaking Conf. (1996) 655.
R. F. BROOKS and K. C. MILLS, High Temp-High Press. 25 (1993) 657.
S. SEETHARAMAN, “Thermolab Final Report 2003 to European Space Agency Thermolab, MAP Contract no. AO-99-022 High Position Thermophysical Property Data of Liquid Metal for Modelling of Industrial Solidification Processes,” edited by R. K. Wunderlich and H. J. Fecht, 2003.
B. VINET and J. P. GARAMDET, “Thermolab Final Report 2003 to European Space Agency Thermolab, MAP Contract no. AO-99-022 High Position Thermophysical Property Data of Liquid Metal for Modelling of Industrial Solidification Processes,” edited by R. K. Wunderlich and H. J. Fecht, 2003.
Z. LI, K. MUKAI, M. ZEZE and K. MILLS, To Be submitted to High Temp Capillary Conf. To be held San Remo April 2004.
Y. SU, K. C. MILLS and A. DINSDALE, Paper Presented at High Temp Capillary Conf Held San Remo, April 2004.
G. R. BELTON, Metall. Trans. B7 (1976) 35.
The 19th Committee of Steekmaking, JSPS: Recommendation Equilibrium Values of Metallurgical Reactions (1984) p. 255.
J. LEE and K. MORITA, ISIJ Intl 42 (2002) 588.
M. J. McNALLAN and T. DEBROY, Metall. Trans. B 22 (1991), 557.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Su, Y., Li, Z. & Mills, K.C. Equation to estimate the surface tensions of stainless steels. J Mater Sci 40, 2201–2205 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1933-8
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1933-8