Abstract
Raise boring is an important method to construct underground shafts of mines and other underground infrastructures by drilling down the pilot hole and then reaming up to the desired diameter. As a typical cyber-physical system, the raise boring construction project is full of high heterogeneity, complexity and intrinsic uncertainty. Currently, its decision making loop is mainly based on the document-based system engineering and expertise experience. Regarding the intrinsic invisibility and uncertain risks in the underground engineering, especially for the remotely underground constructions on the extraterrestrial planets, it is absolutely required to shift the document-based and experience-dependent decision making paradigm into a digital and smart way. To this end, a systematic framework of the digital twin-driven process planning system for the raise boring method was conceived and presented. Then following the principles of open architecture, modularization and extensibility, a five-dimension architecture of digital twinning was built comprehensively that contained physical entity, digital representation, service entity, cross-systems entity and connection entity. Furthermore, a digital twin-driven decision making prototype system for the raise boring process was developed by the hybrid modeling of data-based model, visual geometric models, domain knowledge-based model and physics-based model. System verification indicated that the presented system had great potentials to facilitate the already very complicated process planning via the planning recommendation, visual simulation and models fusion. Finally, the contributions, novelty and limitations of this endeavour to extend the current digital twin practice were discussed.
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Abbreviations
- \(N\) :
-
Rock breaking pressure
- \({F}_{thrust}\) :
-
Pulling force of reaming
- \({T}_{q}\) :
-
Working torque
- \({W}_{bit}\) :
-
Weight of reaming bit
- \({W}_{rods}\) :
-
Weight of drilling rods
- \(v\) :
-
Rate of penetration
- \(D\) :
-
Reaming diameter
- \(d\) :
-
Pilot hole diameter
- \(n\) :
-
Rotation speed of drilling
- \({a}_{z}\) :
-
Work ratio of rock breaking
- \({T}_{n}\) :
-
Teeth number of each turn on the rolling cutter
- \({E}_{h}\) :
-
Heat energy led by frictions
- \({f}_{s}\) :
-
Static friction coefficient
- \({f}_{d}\) :
-
Dynamic friction coefficient
- \(h\) :
-
Penetration depth
- \({h}_{1}, \,{h}_{2}, \text{and}\,{h}_{3}\) :
-
Instantaneous penetration depths of engaged cutter teeth
- \({F}_{n}\) :
-
Normal force of cutter teeth
- \({F}_{t}\) :
-
Tangential force of cutter teeth
- \({\sigma }_{c}\) :
-
Rock compressive strength
- \(\theta \) :
-
Rotation angle of rolling cutter
- \(RQD\) :
-
Rock quality designation
- \({C}_{n}\) :
-
Total turns of cutter teeth on the rolling cutter
- \(SSH\) :
-
Shore scleroscope hardness
- \({E}_{sta}\) :
-
Static elasticity modulus
- \( \sigma_{t}\) :
-
Brazilian tensile strength
- \(R\) :
-
Radius of rolling cutter
- \(r\) :
-
Radius of ball teeth
- AAS:
-
Asset administration shell
- AI:
-
Artificial intelligence
- CAPP:
-
Computer aided process planning
- CPS:
-
Cyber-physical system
- DBSE:
-
Document-based systems engineering
- DT:
-
Digital twin
- XML:
-
Extensible markup language
- ERP:
-
Enterprise resource planning
- 5D:
-
Five-dimension
- GUI:
-
Graphic user interface
- IIC:
-
Industrial internet consortium
- IoT:
-
Internet of things
- ISO:
-
International organization for standardization
- ML:
-
Machine learning
- OPC UA:
-
Open platform communications unified architecture
- PLM:
-
Product lifecycle management
- PLC:
-
Programmable logic controller
- RBM:
-
Raise boring machine
- SME:
-
Subject matter expertise
- 3D:
-
Three-dimensional
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the cooperation project between industry and universities approved by the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 202002148005), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0600802).
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Hu, F., Qiu, X., Jing, G. et al. Digital twin-based decision making paradigm of raise boring method. J Intell Manuf 34, 2387–2405 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-022-01941-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-022-01941-0