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Patterns of diversity of flower-visitor assemblages to the understory Araceae in a tropical mountain forest in Colombia

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Abstract

In the Araceae, pollination biology has been extensively evaluated in several genera mainly in lowland tropical areas. However, the influence of physical factors such as elevation or precipitation on plant/flower-visitor interactions at the community level remains challenging for this plant family, specifically in tropical mountain forests. The aim of this study was to analyze how the species diversity and abundance of flowering Araceae and their flower-visitor assemblages change along an elevation gradient and through time, in response to changes in mean monthly precipitation in a tropical mountain forest located in Jardín, Antioquia, Colombia. Eighteen flowering Araceae species and floral visitors belonging to seven orders were recorded. Flower-visitor diversity decreased with elevation. A trend of increasing flowering Araceae and flower-visitor abundance richness at intermediate levels of precipitation was observed. Diptera were dominant in the lower part and Thysanoptera were dominant in the upper part of the gradient. The pattern of plant species distribution along the elevation and the amount of precipitation influenced the availability of flower resources, and, as a consequence, affected the spatial and temporal composition of flower-visitor assemblages. Local strategies for the conservation of the diversity of insect flower-visitors and their interactions should be focused on the implementation of agricultural practices that reduce the use of pesticides within adjacent commercial plantations and the avoidance of illegal clearings, maintaining unbroken elevational gradients of forest, which is the only way to protect the flowering resources for anthophilous insects. At the same time, continuous forest promotes the maintenance of macro and microclimatic conditions, preserving the stability of insect populations and diversity amongst several functional groups.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank, Fundacion Colibrí, Family Rendón Agudelo and Gustavo Suárez from La Mesenia (Jardin, Antioquia) for logistic support; Liliana Ramírez for field assistance. Juliana Cardona, Martha Wolff and Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA) for identification of insects; Felipe Cardona, Alvaro Idarraga and Herbario Universidad de Antioquia (HUA) for the identification of plants. Biological diversity collecting license number 15632 June 16th 2011 (Expediente CAD2-2010-2) was granted to S Cuartas by Corporación Autónoma Regional del Centro de Antioquia—CORANTIOQUIA. S Cuartas thanks Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación-CODI, Universidad de Antioquia, Grant Number CPT-0915.

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  1. Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 Nº 53-108, Bloque 7 Oficina 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

    Laura Gómez-Murillo & Sandra E. Cuartas-Hernández

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  1. Laura Gómez-Murillo
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  2. Sandra E. Cuartas-Hernández
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Correspondence to Sandra E. Cuartas-Hernández.

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Gómez-Murillo, L., Cuartas-Hernández, S.E. Patterns of diversity of flower-visitor assemblages to the understory Araceae in a tropical mountain forest in Colombia. J Insect Conserv 20, 1069–1085 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9945-z

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