Abstract
Examples of irregular development (diapause regimes) are reported in three families (Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae) of butterflies in Australia. The importance of understanding such irregularities is emphasized, and their relevance to interpreting conservation status and needs discussed. Expectations of incidence or abundance may not be met, and unexpected declines or losses resulting from irregular diapause can cause unnecessary conservation concerns.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Braby MF (2000) Butterflies of Australia. Their identification, biology and distribution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood
Brown VK, Hodek I (eds) (1983). Diapause and life cycle strategies in insects. W. Junk, The Hague
Clark LR, Geier PW, Hughes RD, Morris F (1967) The ecology of insect populations in theory and practice. Methuen, London
Common IFB, Waterhouse DF (1981) Butterflies of Australia (revised edn). Angus and Robertson, Sydney
Dennis RLH, Shreeve TG, Isaac NJB, Roy DB, Hardy PB, Fox R, Asher J (2006) The effects of visual apparency on bias in butterfly recording and monitoring. Biol Conserv. 128:486–492
Denno R, Dingle H (eds) (1981) Insect life history patterns. Habitat and geographical variation. Springer-Verlag, New York
Gilpin ME, Hanski I (eds) (1991) Metapopulation dynamics: empirical and theoretical investigation. Academic Press, London
Hanski I (1999) Metapopulation ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Kuussaari M, van Nouhuys S, Hellmann JJ, Singer MC (2004) Larval biology of checkerspots. In: Ehrlich PR, Hanski I (eds) On the wings of checkerspots. A model system for population biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford pp 138–160
Nakamura I, Ae SA (1977) Prolonged pupal diapause of Papilio alexanor. Arid zone adaptation directed by larval host plant. Ann Entomol Soc Amer 70:481–484
Oku T (1983) Aestivation and migration in noctuid moths. In: Brown VK, Hodek I (eds) Diapause and life cycle strategies in insects. W. Junk, The Hague, pp 219–231
Orr AG (1994) Inbreeding depression in Australian butterflies: some implications for conservation. Mem Qld Mus 36:179–184
Pierce NE, Nash DR (1999) The imperial blue, Jalmenus evagoras (Lycaenidae). In: Kitching RL, Scheermeyer E, Jones RE, Pierce NE (eds) Biology of Australian butterflies. CSIRO Publishing, East Melbourne, pp. 279–315
Pollard E, Yates TJ (1993). Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation. Chapman and Hall, London
Powell JA. (1974) Occurrence of prolonged diapause in ethmiid moths. Pan-Pac Entomol 50:220–225
Pratt GF, Ballmer GR (1987) The phenetics and comparative biology of Euphilotes enoptes (Boisduval) (Lycaenidae) from the San Bernardino Mountains. J Res Lepidoptera 25:121–135
Sands DPA, New TR (2002). The action plan for Australian butterflies. Environment Australia, Canberra
Shapiro AM (1979) The phenology of Pieris napi microstriata (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) during and after the 1975–77 California drought, and its evolutionary significance. Psyche 86:1–10
Tauber MJ, Tauber CA, Masaki S (1986). Seasonal adaptations of insects. Oxford University Press, New York
Tindale NB (1961) A new species of Chlenias (Lepidoptera: Boarmiidae) on Acacia aneura, with some central Australian native beliefs about it. Rec SA Museum 14:131–140
Tite GE (1973). The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Entomol) 28:371–505
Upton MS. (1997) A twelve year larval diapause in the Queensland kauri moth, Agathiphaga queenslandensis Dumbleton (Lepidoptera: Agathiphagidae). The Entomologist 116:142–143
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sands, D.P.A., New, T.R. Irregular diapause, apparency and evaluating conservation status: anomalies from the Australian butterflies. J Insect Conserv 12, 81–85 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-006-9056-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-006-9056-3