Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Information Search for Retirement Plans Among Financially Distressed Consumers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Family and Economic Issues Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using data from the Mature Market Survey (MMS) sponsored by the InCharge Education Foundation, this study examined financially distressed consumers’ information search behaviors for retirement plans. Findings showed that financially distressed consumers seek financial information from media and professional services when making a retirement plan. Age was negatively related to the extent of the information search. Income and gender were positively related to the extent of the information search for retirement planning while financial attitude and retirement income sources were not significantly associated with the information search. Results suggest that there is a great need of financial education programs and efficient financial information delivery for older financially stressed consumers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aizcorbe, A. M., Kennickell, A. B., & Moore, K. B. (2003). Recent changes in U.S. family finances: Evidence from the 1998 and 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 89, 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreasen, A. P., & Ratchford, B. T. (1976). Factors affecting consumers’ use of information source. Journal of Business Research, 4, 197–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avery, R. J. (1996). Determinants of search of nondurable goods: An empirical assessment of the economics of information theory. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 30, 390–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagwell, D. C. (2001). Hierarchical regression analysis of work outcomes with personal financial factors. Writings of the Western Region Home Management Family Economic Educators (pp. 45–54).

  • Barry, M. J., & Bearden, W. O. (1978). Profiling the shopping behavior of the elderly consumers. The Gerontologist, 18, 454–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayot, J. (2003, October 14). Not-for-profit credit counselors are targets of an I.R.S. inquiry. Retrieved November 1, 2003, from New York Times website: http://www.nytimes.com.

  • Bei, L., Chen, E. Y. I., & Widdows, R. (2004). Consumers’ online information search behavior and the phenomenon of search vs. experience product. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25, 449–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bi, L., Montalto, C. P., & Fox, J. J. (2002). Household search for and use of financial information. Consumer Interests Annual, 48, 1–9. Retrieved January 15, 2007, from http://www.consumerinterests.org/files/public/HouseholdSearch-02.pdf.

  • Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bucy, E. P. (2000). Social access to the Internet. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 5, 50–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. A., & Gieseke, R. J. (1983). Rice search in a product market. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 357–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau (2003). Three-year-average median household income by state: 2001–2003. Retrieved December 17, 2004, from http://www.census.gov/hhes/income/income03/statemhi.html.

  • Chang, Y. R., & Hanna, S. (1992). Consumer credit search behavior. Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 16, 207–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, C. A., & Balasubramanian, S. K. (1993). Age differences in consumers’ search for information: Public policy implications. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 157–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, W., Warren, W. E., & Huston, R. (1995). Perceived risk and information search process in the selection of a new dentist: An empirical investigation. Health and Marketing Quarterly, 13(2), 27–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, C. (2002). Pension plan participation continued to rise in 2000: What next? EBRI Notes, 23, 4–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVaney, S. A., & Chien, Y. W. (2001). A model of savings behavior and the amount saved in retirement accounts. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 5, 72–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVaney, S. A., Gorham, L., Bechman, J. C., & Haldeman, V. A. (1996). Cash flow management and credit use: Effect of a financial information program. Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, 71–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVaney, S. A., & Zhang, T. C. (2001). A cohort analysis of the amount in defined contribution and individual retirement accounts. Financial Counseling and Planning, 12, 89–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, G. R., & Staelin, R. (1994). A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 119–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Employee Benefit Research Institute. (2006). Debt of the elderly and near elderly, 1992–2004. EBRI Notes, 27(9), 2–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Reserve Statistical Release (2008) Consumer credit. Retrieved February 12, 2008, from http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/Current/.

  • Garman, E. T. (2003). 30 million overly indebted and financially distressed adults in the United States. (Press release). Retrieved November 24, 2003, from http://www.ethomasgarman.net.

  • Hanna, S., & Chen, P. (1997). Subjective and objective risk tolerance: Implications for optimal portfolios. Financial Counseling and Planning, 8, 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatcher, C. B. (2002). Wealth, reservation, wealth, and the decision to retire. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 23, 167–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt, D. R., Conger, R. D., Valde, J. G., & Weihs, K. (1997). Psychological distress and help seeking in rural America. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 449–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • InCharge Education Foundation. (2003). Mature market survey. Orlando, FL: InCharge Education Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, E. J. (2001). Digitizing consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 331–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joo, S. (1998). Personal financial wellness and worker job productivity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University.

  • Joo, H., & Grable, J. E. (2001). Factors associated with seeking and using professional retirement-planning help. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 30, 37–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joo, S., & Grable, J. E. (2005). Employee education and the likelihood of having a retirement saving program. Financial Counseling and Planning, 16(1), 37–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joo, S., & Pauwel, V. W. (2002). Factors affecting workers’ retirement confidence: A gender perspective. Financial Counseling and Planning, 13(2), 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., & DeVaney, S. A. (2005). The selection of partial retirement or full retirement among older workers. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 26, 371–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., Garman, E. T., & Sorhaindo, B. (2003). Relationships among credit counseling clients’ financial well-being, financial behaviors, financial stressor events, and health. Financial Counseling and Planning, 14, 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., Kwon, J., & Anderson, E. A. (2005). Factors related to retirement confidence: Retirement preparation and workplace financial education. Journal of Personal Finance, 16(2), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., Sorhaindo, B., & Garman, E. T. (2006). Relationship between financial stress and workplace absenteeism of credit counseling clients. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 27(3), 458–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, R. C., Frisch, R., & Gregor, W. T. (1997). Alternative visions of consumer financial services. Journal of Retail Banking Services, 19, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamdin, D. J. (2008). Does consumer sentiment foretell revolving credit use. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29(2), 279–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J., & Cho, J. (2005). Consumers’ use of information intermediaries and the impact on their information search behavior in the financial market. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39, 95–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J., & Hogarth, J. M. (2000). Relationship among information search activities when shopping for a credit card. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 34, 330–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y. G., Lown, J., & Sharpe, D. (2007). Predictors of holding consumer and mortgage debt among older Americans. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(2), 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, D. R., & Moore, W. L. (1980). Validity of information display boards: An assessment using longitudinal data. Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 450–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Q., & Lee, J. (2004). Consumer information search when making investment decisions. Financial Services Review, 13, 319–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, S. (1997). Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumpkin, J. R., & Festervand, T. A. (1987). Purchasing information sources of the elderly. Journal of Advertising Research, 27, 31–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malroutu, L. Y., & Xiao, J. J. (1995). Perceived adequacy of retirement income. Financial Counseling and Planning, 6, 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGhee, H. C., & Draut, T. (2004). Retiring in the red: The growth of debt among older Americans. New York: Demos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorman, D. C., & Garasky, S. (2008). Consumer debt repayment behavior as precursor to bankruptcy. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29(2), 219–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, B., Sorhaindo, B., Xiao, J. J., & Garman, E. T. (2005). Financially distressed consumers: Their financial practices, financial well-being, and health. Financial Counseling and Planning, 16, 75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, N. M., & Garman, E. T. (1993). Testing a conceptual model of financial well-being. Financial Counseling and Planning, 4, 135–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaninger, C. M., & Sciglimpaglia, D. (1981). The influence of cognitive personality traits and demographics on consumer information acquisition. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 208–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J. B., & Spreng, R. A. (1996). A proposed model of external consumer information search. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 246–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stat Bank. (2005). Journal of Financial Planning, 18(10), 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stigler, G. J. (1961). The economics of information. Journal of Political Economy, 69, 213–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, T. A., Warren, E., & Westbrook, J. L. (2000). The fragile middle class: Americans in debt. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulker, A. (2009). Wealth holdings and portfolio allocation of the elderly: The role of marital history. Journal of Family Economic Issues, 30, 90–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2006). National Compensation Survey: Employee benefits in private industry in the United States, March 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/sp/ebsm0004.pdf.

  • Xiao, J. J., Sorhaindo, B., & Garman, E. T. (2006). Financial behaviours of consumers in credit counseling. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 108–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, J. J., & Wu, J. (2008). Completing debt management plans in credit counseling: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Financial Counseling and Planning, 19(2), 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuh, Y., & DeVaney, S. A. (1996). Determinants of couple’s defined contribution retirement funds. Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinhee Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, H., Kim, J. Information Search for Retirement Plans Among Financially Distressed Consumers. J Fam Econ Iss 31, 51–62 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9179-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9179-2

Keywords

Navigation