Skip to main content
Log in

Individual and Social Costs of Divorce in Utah

  • Published:
Journal of Family and Economic Issues Aims and scope Submit manuscript

ABSTRACT

This preliminary report provides an overview of the economic consequences of divorce for couples experiencing divorce in Utah. The economic impact on the divorcing individuals, the surrounding communities in which they live, and the state and federal governments were assessed. The data collected in Utah reveals that the federal government absorbs the most substantial costs, including a host of expenditures related to welfare assistance and medical costs. The 9,735 divorces in Utah during 2001 cost the state and federal government nearly $300 million in direct and indirect costs. Extrapolation from these estimates reveals that divorce and its direct and indirect economic consequences cost the United States $33.3 billion annually. Implications for social policy and strengthening marriages are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen J. C., Vogt R., Cordes S., (2001). Charitable contributions in rural Nebraska: A culture of giving. Center for Applied Rural Innovation Research Report, 1–4

  • Amato P. R., (1996). Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorceJournal of Marriage and the Family, 58: 628–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amato P. R., Booth A., (1996). A prospective study of divorce and parent-child relationshipsJournal of Marriage and the Family 58: 356–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amato P. R., Booth A., (1997). A generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • American Association of Fundraising Counsel Trust for Philanthropy. (2002). Charitable giving reaches $212 billion. Retrieved September 13, 2002, from http://www.aafrc.org/press3.html

  • American Bankruptcy Institute. (2002). U.S. bankruptcy filing statistics. Retrieved December 16, 2002, from http://www.abiworld.org/stats/newstatsfront.html

  • Becker G. S., (1973). A theory of marriage: Part IJournal of Political Economy81: 813–846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker G. S., (1974). A theory of marriage: Part IIJournal of Political Economy82: S11–S26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker G. S., (1991). A treatise on the family: Enlarged edition Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker G. S., Landes E. M., Michael R. T., (1977). An economic analysis of marital instabilityJournal of Political Economy85: 1141–1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi S. M., Subaiya L., Kahn J., (1999). The gender gap in the economic well-being of nonresident fathers and custodial mothersDemography, 36: 195–203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biele K., (1998). Utah’s unique take on how to strengthen marriagesThe Christian Science Monitor90: 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth A., Amato P., (1992). Divorce, residential change, and stressJournal of Divorce and Remarriage18: 205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant K. W., (1990). The economic organization of the household Cambridge University Press Cambridge, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll J. S., Doherty W. J., (2003). Evaluating the effectiveness of premarital prevention programs: A meta-analytic review of outcome researchFamily Relations52: 105–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherlin A. J., Kirenan K. E., Chase-Lansdale P. L., (1995). Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthoodDemography32: 299–316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chi P. S. K., Laquatra J., (1998). Profiles of housing cost burden in the United States Journal of Family and Economic Issues19: 175–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coffield C. D., (2002). The political economy of restricting access to education and trainingJournal of Family and Economic Issues23: 261–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook C. C., Crull S. R., Fletcher C. N., Hinnant-Bernard T., Peterson J., (2002). Meeting family housing needs: Experiences of rural women in the midst of welfare reform Journal of Family and Economic Issues23: 285–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Criddle M. N., Allgood S. M., Piercy K. W., (2003). The relationship between mandatory divorce education and level of post-divorce parental conflictJournal of Divorce and Remarriage39: 99–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Divorce Education for Parents Program (n.d.). Divorce education for parents. Retrieved April 7, 2003, from http://www.utcourts.gov/specproj/dived.htm

  • Dugas, C. (1997, June 10). Bankruptcy Stigma Lessens. USA Today, p. B1

  • Fagan P., Rector R., (2000). The effects of divorce on America (Heritage Foundation Backgrounder: Executive Summary. No. 1373) Domestic Policy Studies Department Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng D., Giarrusso R., Bengtson V. L., Frye N., (1999). Intergenerational transmission of marital quality and marital instabilityJournal of Marriage and the Family61: 451–463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forthofer M. S., Markman H. J., Cox M., Stanley S., Kessler R. C., (1996). Associations between marital distress and work loss in a national sampleJournal of Marriage and the Family58: 597–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furstenberg F. F., Teitler J. O., (1994). Reconsidering the effects of marital disruption: What happens to children of divorce in early adulthood? Journal of Family Issues15: 173–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottman J. M., (1994). Why marriages succeed or fail Simon & Schuster New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Halford K. W., Markman H. J., Kline G. H., Stanley S. M., (2003). Best practice in couple relationship educationJournal of Marital and Family Therapy29: 385–406

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman S. D., Duncan G. J., (1988). What are the economic consequences of divorce? Demography25: 641–645

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, W. L., III. (1998). Controlling legal costs in a divorce action. Retrieved April 7, 2003, from http://www.divorceinkentucky.com/controlcosthelp.html

  • Keith, V. M., & Finlay, B. (1988). The impact of parental divorce on children’s educational attainment, marital timing, and likelihood of divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 797–809

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreider R. M., Fields J. M., (2002). Number, timing and duration of marriages and divorces: 1996. (Current Population Reports, P70–80) US Census BureauWashington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Laing S. O., Ogden P., O’Hara J. P., Oscarson-Wilde L. C., (2002). Financial and statistical summary of the child nutrition programs: 1999–2001 [Brochure]Utah State Office of Education Utah

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson D. B., Larson S. S., & Swyers J. P., (1995). The costly consequences of divorce: Assessing the clinical, economic, and public health impact of marital disruption in the United States. A research based seminar National Institute for Healthcare Research Rockville, Maryland

  • McKeever M., Wolfinger N. H., (2001). Reexamining the economic costs of marital disruption for womenSocial Science Quarterly82: 202–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan S. S., Sandefur G., (1994). Growing up with a single-parent Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. (2002). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unpublished data from National Vital Statistics Reports, 50(14). Retrieved January 9, 2003, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/utah.htm

  • National Energy Assistance Directors’ Association. (2001). LIHEAP—Regular and emergency program grants FY 2001. Retrieved April 11, 2003, from http://www.neada.org/communications/PressReleases/010405_Table1.htm

  • Nock, S. L., (1999). Costs of Divorce. Unpublished raw data, University of Virginia.Popenoe, D., & Whitehead, B. D. (2002). The personal and social costs of divorce. In J. Wall, D. Browning, W. J. Doherty, & S. Post (Eds.), Marriage, health, and the professions: If marriage is good for you, what does this mean for law, medicine, ministry, therapy, and business? (pp. 33–46). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, William B. Publishing Company

  • Ross C. E., Mirowsky J., (1999). Parental divorce, life-course disruption, and adult depressionJournal of Marriage and the Family61: 1034–1045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. (1998). To have and to hold: Strategies to strengthen marriage and relationships. Canberra; Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia

  • State of Utah Fiscal Focus. (2001). An annual report on state government to citizens of Utah for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2001. Retrieved January 10, 2003, from http://www.finance.utah.gov/pdf/ut1201ff.pdf

  • Sullivan T. A., Warren E., Westbrook J. L., (1989). As we forgive our debtors: Bankruptcy and consumer credit in America Oxford University Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan T. A., Warren E., Westbrook J. L., (2000). The fragile middle class: Americans in debt Yale University Press New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M. J., Barusch, A., & Vogel-Ferguson, M. B., (2002). The dynamics of leaving welfare: A study of long-term welfare recipients in Utah. University of Utah, Social Research Institute

  • The Children’s Defense Fund.(2000). 2000 children in the states The Children’s Defense Fund Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • The Urban Institute (2001, Spring). IRS statistics of income bulletin. Retrieved January 9, 2003, from http://nccs.urban.org/states.htm

  • U.S. Census Bureau., (1999).Population profile of the United States: 1999 U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau., (2000). Annual demographic survey. (Current Population Survey, March) U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau., (2001). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2001 U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Justice., (1991). Justice expenditure and employment in the U.S. 1988Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Utah Department of Community and Economic Development. (2002). Home energy assistance target (HEAT) program. Retrieved April 7, 2003, from http://dced.utah.gov/community/heat.html

  • Utah Department of Workforce Services. (1998). Cost of divorce and single parenthood to the public sector: State of Utah, FY’98. Unpublished Raw Data

  • Utah Department of Workforce Services. (2000). Annual report of the department of workforce services. Retrieved April 2, 2003, from http://jobs.utah.gov/edo/annreport/ar2k/2000ar.pdf

  • Utah Home Energy Assistance Target Program. (n.d.). The Utah Home Energy Assistance Target Program. Retrieved April 20, 2002, from http://commerce.utah.gov/dpu/heatbklt.pdf

  • Utah State Courts. (n.d.). Filing/Record fees. Retrieved April 7, 2003, from http://www.utcourts.gov/resources/Fees.htmWalker, K. (2000). 30 bn cost of families falling apart. Daily Express. Retrieved April 21, 2002, from http://listarchives.his.com/smartmarriages/msg00341.html

  • Wallerstein J. S., Kelly J. B., (1990). Surviving the breakup: How children and parents cope with divorce Basic Books New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

A longer version of this paper, including a cost analysis breakdown for each state, is available from the author. This paper was originally written while the author was at Utah State University. This report is based on initial research findings by Dr. Steven L. Nock and Dr. David B. Larson. I would like to thank Dr. Brent A. Barlow, Brigham Young University, and Drs. Kathleen W. Piercy and James P. Marshall, Utah State University, for their valuable assistance in this research. A special thanks also goes to the reviewers for their invaluable comments on earlier versions of this article.

David G. Schramm, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, 203 Spidle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849; e-mail: schradg@auburn.edu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schramm, D. Individual and Social Costs of Divorce in Utah. J Fam Econ Iss 27, 133–151 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-005-9005-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-005-9005-4

Keywords

Navigation