Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Translating and Implementing a Mindfulness-Based Youth Suicide Prevention Intervention in a Native American Community

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study is a feasibility study, aimed at investigating whether a mindfulness-based prevention intervention can be translated and implemented in a Native American youth population. Guided by the adaptation process model, a mindfulness youth suicide prevention intervention was developed and implemented in a Native American school. One group of eight youth, ages 15–20, participated in a 9-week pilot of the intervention. Results of the mixed-methods process and outcome evaluation suggest that the intervention is acceptable to Native American youth, with positive indications in terms of better self-regulation, less mind wandering, and decreased suicidal thoughts. It became clearly evident that a collaborative and indigenous research framework is both required and necessary to ensure feasibility and sustainability of mindfulness-based interventions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abram, K. M., Paskar, L. D., Washburn, J. J., & Teplin, L. A. (2008). Perceived barriers to mental health services among youths in detention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(3), 301–308.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 366–373. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beals, J., Novis, D., Whitesell, N., Spicer, P., Mitchell, C., & Manson, S. (2005). Prevalence of mental disorders and utilization of mental health services in two American Indian reservation populations: Mental health disparities in a national context. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1723–1732.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biegel, G. M., Brown, K. W., Shapiro, S. L., & Schubert, C. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting an Clinical Psychology, 77, 855–866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, L., & Birnbaum, A. (2004). In search of inner wisdom: Guided mindfulness meditation in the context of suicide. The Scientific World Journal, 4, 216–227. doi:10.1100/tsw.2004.17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, L., & Birnbaum, A. (2008). Mindful social work: From theory to practice. Journal of Religion & spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 27(1–2), 87–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth, K., & Espelage, G. (1995). Teen conflict survey. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Center for Adolescent Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L., & Simon, T. R. (1999). Factors associated with bullying behavior in middle school students. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 341–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Indian Affairs. (2013). Bureau of Indian affairs: What we do. Retrieved April 13, 2013 from http://www.bia.gov.

  • Burke, C. A. (2010). Mindfulness-based approaches with children and adolescents: A preliminary review of current research in an emergent field. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(2), 133–144. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9282-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casey, B. J. (2013). The teenage brain: An overview. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(2), 80–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2012). Deaths: Leading causes for 2008, National Vital Statistics Reports, 60(6), June 6, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_05.pdf.

  • Crane, R. S., Kuyken, W., Williams, J. M. G., Hastings, R. P., Cooper, L., & Fennell, M. J. V. (2011). Competence in teaching mindfulness-based courses: Concepts, development and assessment. Mindfulness,. doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0073-2.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels, J. K., McFarlane, A. C., Bluhm, R. L., Moores, K. A., Clark, C. R., Shaw, M. E., et al. (2010). Switching between executive and default mode networks in posttraumatic stress disorder: Alterations in functional connectivity. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 35(4), 258–266.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Couteau, T., Anderson, J., & Hope, D. (2006). Adapting manualized treatments: Treating anxiety disorders among Native Americans. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 304–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domenech-Rodríguez, M., & Weiling, E. (2004). Developing culturally appropriate evidence-based treatments for interventions with ethnic minority populations. In M. Rastogin & E. Weiling (Eds.), Voices of color: First person accounts of ethnic minority therapists (pp. 313–333). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebert, J., & Sedlmeier, P. (2012). The effects of mindfulness meditation: A meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 3, 174–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epel, E. S., Puterman, E., Lin, J., Blackburn, E., Lazaro, A., & Mendes, W. B. (2012). Wandering minds and aging cells. Clinical psychological science. Published online November 15, 2012. Retrieved from: http://cpx.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/11/06/2167702612460234.

  • Farb, A. S., Anderson, A. K., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., & Segal, Z. V. (2010). Minding one’s emotions: Mindfulness training alters the neural expression of sadness. Emotion, 10, 25–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, M. E., Bonempo, D. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2008). Predictors and level of sustainability of community prevention coalitions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(6), 495–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flook, L., Smalley, S. L., Kitil, M. J., Galla, B. M., Kaiser-Greenland, S., Locke, J., et al. (2010). Effects of mindfulness awareness practices on executive functions in elementary school children. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 26(1), 70–95. doi:10.1080/15377900903379125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedenthal, S., & Stiffman, A. (2007). They might think I was crazy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(1), 58–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garroutt, E. M., Golbderg, J., Beals, J., Herrell, R., & Manson, S. M. (2003). Spirituality and attempted suicide among American Indians. Social Science and Medicine, 50, 1571–1579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldston, D. B., Molock, S. D., Whitbeck, L. B., Murakami, J. L., Zayas, L. H., & Hall, G. C. N. (2008). Cultural considerations in adolescent suicide prevention and psychosocial treatment. American Psychology, 63(1), 14–31. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.63.1.14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griner, D., & Smith, T. B. (2006). Culturally adapted mental health interventions: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(4), 531–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1968). Knowledge and human interests. Boston, MA: Beach Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargus, E., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., & Williams, J. M. G. (2010). Effects of mindfulness on meta-awareness and specificity of describing prodromal symptoms in suicidal depression. Emotion, 10(1), 34–42. doi:10.1037/a0016825.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn, S. R., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Duggan, D. S., Fennell, M. J. V., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy may reduce thought suppression in previously suicidal participants: Findings from a preliminary study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 209–215. doi:10.1348/014466509X414970.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Himelstein, S., Hastings, A., Shapiro, S., & Heery, M. (2012). Mindfulness training for self-regulation and stress with incarcerated youth: A pilot study. Probation Journal, 59(2), 151–165. doi:10.1177/0264550512438256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, D. R., Limb, G. E., & Cross, T. L. (2009). Moving from colonization toward balance and harmony: A Native American perspective on wellness. Social Work, 54(3), 211–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Sciences, 6(6), 537–559. doi:10.1177/1745691611419671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanahele, P. K. (2011). Haena: Intense breath of the sun. Retrieved December 2, 2012 from http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxHONOLULU-Dr-Pualani-Kanakao.

  • Kerr, C. E., Sacchet, M. D., Lazar, S. W., Moore, C. I., & Jones S. R. (2013). Mindfulness starts with the body: Somatosensory attention and top-down modulation of cortical alpha rhythms in mindfulness meditation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(12). doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00012.

  • Kirmayer, L. J. (2012). Cultural competence and evidence-based practice in mental health: Epistemic communities and the politics of pluralism. Social Science and Medicine, 75, 249–256. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. I., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–613.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LaFromboise, T., Medoff, L., Lee, C., & Harris, A. (2007). Psychosocial and cultural correlates of suicidal ideation among American Indian and early adolescents on a northern plains reservation. Research in Human Development, 4, 119–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaFromboise, T., & Pitney-Howard, B. (1995). The Zuni life skills development curriculum: Description and evaluation of a suicide prevention program. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(4), 479–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M., Comtois, K., Murry, A., Brown, M., Gallop, R., Heard, H., et al. (2006). Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 753–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, S. D., & Washburn, J. J. (2003). Violence prevention: An evaluation of program effects with urban African American students. Journal of Primary Prevention, 24(1), 43–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meiklejohn, J., Phillips, C., Freedman, M. L., Griffin, M. L., Biegel, G., Roach, A., et al. (2012). Integrating mindfulness training into K-12 education: Fostering the resilience of teachers and students. Mindfulness,. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0094-5.

    Google Scholar 

  • NCAI Policy Research Center and MSU Center for Native Health Partnerships. (2012). Walk softy and listen carefully: Building research relationships with tribal communities. Washington, DC: NCAI Policy Research Center and MSU Center for Native Health Partnerships.

  • Richardson, L. P., McCauley, E., Grossman, D. C., McCarty, C. A., Richards, J., Russo, J. E., et al. (2010). Evaluation of the patient health questionnaire-9 item for detecting major depression among adolescents. Pediatrics, 126(6), 1117–1123. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0852.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romeo, R. D. (2013). The teenage brain: The stress response and the adolescent brain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(2), 140–145.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarche, M. C., Spicer, P., Farrell, P., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (Eds.). (2011). American Indian and Alaskan Native children and mental health: Development, context, prevention, and treatment. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semple, R. J., Lee, J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. S. (2010). A randomized trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Promoting mindfulness attention to enhance social-emotional resiliency in children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 218–229. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9301-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373–386. doi:10.1002/jclp20237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shawyer, F., Meadows, G. N., Judd, F., Martin, P. R., Segal, Z., & Piterman, L. (2012). The DARE study of relapse prevention in depression: Design for a phase ½ translational randomized controlled trial involving mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and supported self monitoring. BMC Psychiatry, 12(3). doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-3.

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S. L., & Pope, M. (2009). North America’s native peoples: A social justice and trauma counseling approach. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 37, 194–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, N. B., & Duran, B. (2006). Using community-based participatory research to address health disparities. Health Promotion Practice, 7(3), 312–323.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walls, M., Johnson, K., Whitbeck, L., & Hoyt, D. (2006). Mental health and substance abuse services preferences and utilization among American Indian people of the Northern Midwest. Community Mental Health Journal, 42, 521–535.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • West, A. M. (2008). Mindfulness and well-being in adolescence: An exploration of four mindfulness measures with an adolescent sample (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest (304824868).

  • Williams, J. M. G. (2010). Mindfulness and psychological processes. Emotion, 10(1), 1–7. doi:10.1037/a0018360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. M.G., Duggan, D. S., Crane, C., & Fennell, M. J.V. (2006). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of recurrence of suicidal behavior. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session. doi:10.1002/jclp.20223.

  • Williams, J. M. G., & Swales, M. (2004). The use of mindfulness-based approaches for suicidal patients. Archives of Suicide Research, 8(4), 315–329. doi:10.1080/13811110490476671.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yellow Bird, M. (2013). Neurodecolonization: Applying mindfulness research to decolonizing social work. In M. Gray, J. Coates, & M. Yellow Bird (Eds.), Decolonizing social work (pp. 293–310). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, K., Whitbeck, L., Hoyt, D., & LaFromboise, T. (2006). Suicide ideation among American Indian youths. Archives of Suicide Research, 10, 177–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zlotnick, C., Wolfsdorf, B. A., Johnson, B., & Spirito, A. (2003). Impaired self-regulation and suicidal behavior among adolescent and young adult psychiatric patients. Archives of Suicide Research, 7, 149–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by a grant from the American Psychological Foundation and funding from the Colorado Injury Control Research Center. We are also grateful for the support and input from CSKT Tribal Council, Tribal Social Services Department, Circle of Trust Suicide Prevention Program, Tribal Elders, Cultural Committees, Two Eagle River School, Dean Furukawa, and Becky Ereaux. We are also indebted to the Mind Body Awareness Project for providing curriculum expertise and training, and to the youth and facilitators who opened their hearts and minds. Lastly, we express our appreciation to the anonymous reviewers who provided their valuable comments and edits.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thao N. Le.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Le, T.N., Gobert, J.M. Translating and Implementing a Mindfulness-Based Youth Suicide Prevention Intervention in a Native American Community. J Child Fam Stud 24, 12–23 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9809-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9809-z

Keywords

Navigation