Skip to main content
Log in

Too old for IVF: are we discriminating against older women?

  • Symposium of the Aging Ovary
  • Published:
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In vitro fertilization (IVF) in women of advanced age (>42 years) represents only 5%, a comparatively minute part, of the national IVF experience in the United States (US). In view of evolving population dynamics, it, however, also represents proportionally a rather quickly expanding patient need. Because of access restrictions at many IVF programs, this market does not live up to its potential. As best demonstrated by the 2004 US National Summary and Fertility Clinic Report, which for the first time reported pregnancies and births above age 45 year, IVF in women of advanced reproductive age represents a cutting edge area of interest for improving current IVF outcomes. Access to IVF should, therefore, not be withheld based on female age and/or baseline FSH levels. Instead, a definition of acceptable minimal pregnancy and life birth rates could be used to define the limits of offered access to IVF, independent of age and/or baseline FSH levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wright VC, Chang J, Jeng G, Chen M, Macaluso M. Assisted reproductive technology surveillance—United States, 2004. MMWR Surveill Summ 2007;56(6):1–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Sutton PD. Births: preliminary data for 2003. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2004;53(9):1–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Sutton PD. Births: preliminary data for 2002. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2003;51(11):1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gleicher N, Barad D. Unexplained infertility: does it really exist? Hum Reprod 2006;21(8):1951–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Assisted Reproductive Technology Success rates. National Summary and Fertility Clinic Reports. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention December 2006.

  6. Faddy MJ. Follicle dynamics during ovarian ageing. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000;163(1–2):43–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Faddy MJ, Gosden RG. A mathematical model of follicle dynamics in the human ovary. Hum Reprod 1995;10(4):770–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. ASRM. Aging and infertility in women: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2002;78(1):215–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Scott RT Jr. Diminished ovarian reserve and access to care. Fertil Steril 2004;81(6):1489–92. discussion 496–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Barad DH, Weghofer A, Gleicher N. Age-specific levels for basal follicle-stimulating hormone assessment of ovarian function. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109(6):1404–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Frattarelli JL, Levi AJ, Miller BT, Segars JH. A prospective assessment of the predictive value of basal antral follicles in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril 2003;80(2):350–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. van Rooij IA, Broekmans FJ, te Velde ER, et al. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels: a novel measure of ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2002;17(12):3065–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chuang CC, Chen CD, Chao KH, Chen SU, Ho HN, Yang YS. Age is a better predictor of pregnancy potential than basal follicle-stimulating hormone levels in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2003;79(1):63–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. van Rooij IA, Bancsi LF, Broekmans FJ, Looman CW, Habbema JD, te Velde ER. Women older than 40 years of age and those with elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels differ in poor response rate and embryo quality in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2003;79(3):482–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. van Rooij IA, de Jong E, Broekmans FJ, Looman CW, Habbema JD, te Velde ER. High follicle-stimulating hormone levels should not necessarily lead to the exclusion of subfertile patients from treatment. Fertil Steril 2004;81(6):1478–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wolff EF, Taylor HS. Value of the day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone measurement. Fertil Steril 2004;81(6):1486–8. discussion 496–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Toner JP. Modest follicle-stimulating hormone elevations in younger women: warn but don't disqualify. Fertil Steril 2004;81(6):1493–5. discussion 496–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Spandorfer SD, Bendikson K, Dragisic K, Schattman G, Davis OK, Rosenwaks Z. Outcome of in vitro fertilization in women 45 years and older who use autologous oocytes. Fertil Steril 2007;87(1):74–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nikolaou D, Templeton A. Early ovarian ageing: a hypothesis. Detection and clinical relevance. Hum Reprod 2003;18(6):1137–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gleicher N, Barad D. “Ovarian age-based” stimulation of young women with diminished ovarian reserve results in excellent pregnancy rates with in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2006;86(6):1621–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Weghofer A, Barad D, Li J, Gleicher N. Aneuploidy rates in embryos from women with prematurely declining ovarian function: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 2007;88(1):90–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hull MG, Fleming CF, Hughes AO, McDermott A. The age-related decline in female fecundity: a quantitative controlled study of implanting capacity and survival of individual embryos after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1996;65(4):783–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Marcus SF, Brinsden PR. In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in women aged 40 years and over. Hum Reprod Update 1996;2(6):459–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Barad D, Gleicher N. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on oocyte and embryo yields, embryo grade and cell number in IVF. Hum Reprod 2006;21(11):2845–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Brill H, Barad DH, Gleicher N. O-289: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation and pregnancy outcome: effect on pregnancy rate and speed of conception. Fertil Steril 2006;86(3, Supplement 1):S124–S5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Thornton K, Ryley D, Alper M, Ezcurra D. 2):S141. S. IVF outcome in women over age 40 years with elevated cycle day 3 FSH (≥10 mIU/mL). Fertil Steril 2006;86(Suppl 2):S141.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hernandez J, Sanabria V, Chinea E, Palumbo A. Reproductive outcome in women 40 and older undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Fertil Steril 2006;86(Suppl 2):S166–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Watt AH, Legedza AT, Ginsburg ES, Barbieri RL, Clarke RN, Hornstein MD. The prognostic value of age and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in women over forty years of age undergoing in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 2000;17(5):264–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Osmanagaoglu K, Tournaye H, Kolibianakis E, Camus M, Van Steirteghem A, Devroey P. Cumulative delivery rates after ICSI in women aged >37 years. Hum Reprod 2002;17(4):940–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Awonuga A, Merhi Z, Grazi R. Intrauterine inseminations versus in vitro fertilization in infertile women 40 years and older. Fertil Steril 2006;86(Suppl 2):S143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gleicher N, Barad D. The relative myth of elective single embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2006;21(6):1337–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Norbert Gleicher.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gleicher, N., Weghofer, A. & Barad, D. Too old for IVF: are we discriminating against older women?. J Assist Reprod Genet 24, 639–644 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-007-9182-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-007-9182-1

Keywords

Navigation