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Phosphorus deficiency regulates the growth and photophysiology responses of an economic macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis to ocean acidification and warming

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Abstract

Ocean acidification and warming caused by elevated CO2 are urgent problems facing the marine ecological environment. With the strengthening of environmental governance in China, anthropogenic inputs of terrestrial phosphorus into the coastal ocean have drastically decreased, resulting in frequent phosphorus deficiency in seawater. These environmental factors in the future may affect algal growth, photosynthesis and yield. As an important economic macroalga suitable for large-scale cultivation, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is also potentially affected by the coupling of ocean acidification, warming and phosphorus deficiency. In this study, G. lemaneiformis was cultured outdoors under two pCO2 levels (LC, 400 μatm; HC, 1000 μatm), two temperatures (LT, 20 ℃; HT, 24 ℃) and two phosphorus concentrations (LP, 0.1 μmol L−1; HP, 10 μmol L−1) to investigate its growth and photosynthetic performance. The results showed that LP significantly decreased the relative growth rates (RGR) and the maximum photosynthesis rate (Pm) of G. lemaneiformis both under LC and HC conditions. Under P depletion condition, the effects of warming and ocean acidification on the growth and photosynthetic performance of G. lemaneiformis showed an opposite trend, that is, HC caused a decrease in the growth, Pm, maximum relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax) and light utilization efficiency (α) from the rapid light response curve of G. lemaneiformis, and HT improved these parameters. Under LP condition, HC significantly inhibited the RGR of G. lemaneiformis in the LT group but had no significant effect on RGR in the HT group. Additionally, under LP condition, HC insignificantly affected PE and PC contents in the LT group, but significantly reduced these contents in the HT group. These findings suggest that phosphorus deficiency results in a decline in the growth of G. lemaneiformis and, under LP condition, the inhibition effect of ocean acidification on the growth of G. lemaneiformis could be mitigated by warming. This study provides scientific guidance for the field cultivation and selective breeding of G. lemaneiformis in phosphorus-deficient seawater under global climate change.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Open fund project of Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development (JSIMR202209), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Ocean University (KYCX2022-04), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221398), the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province Higher Education (202311641043Z; 202211641067Y), the Talent Introduction Fund Project of Jiangsu Ocean University (KQ19068), the Huaguoshan Talent Project of Lianyungang, the Post-subsidy Project for Science and Technology Commissioners of Fujian and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China

    Wei Zhou, Hui Wu, Mengqi Shi, Zeyu Chen, Jinguo Wang & Juntian Xu

  2. Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China

    Wei Zhou, Hui Wu, Mengqi Shi, Zeyu Chen, Jinguo Wang & Juntian Xu

  3. College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China

    Wei Zhou, Zeyu Chen, Jinguo Wang & Juntian Xu

  4. Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., ltd., Lianyungang, 222000, China

    Hui Wu

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Contributions

JTX conceived and designed the experiments. WZ, HW, JGW, ZYC and MQS contributed to carry out the experiments. HW, JGW, WZ and ZYC analyzed data. JGW and WZ wrote the paper. JTX, WZ and JGW revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Jinguo Wang or Juntian Xu.

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Zhou, W., Wu, H., Shi, M. et al. Phosphorus deficiency regulates the growth and photophysiology responses of an economic macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis to ocean acidification and warming. J Appl Phycol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03187-0

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