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Analysis of biosecurity-related policies governing the seaweed industry of the Philippines

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Abstract

The seaweed industry in the Philippines is a significant contributor to aquaculture production, both nationally and internationally. It out-produces the capture fisheries sector and most global producers, with the exception of China and Indonesia. Seaweed species, particularly Kappaphycus and Eucheuma spp., have been farmed throughout the country since the early 1970s. In 2017, the Philippines produced 1.4 million tonnes (fwt) and exported 35,490 tonnes of seaweed and carrageenan with a value of US$174 million. However, a decreasing trend in seaweed production has been observed since the mid-2000s as a result of pest and disease outbreaks, among other factors, which have been exacerbated by climate change. This paper is the first to analyze biosecurity-related national policies and legislation (a.k.a. ‘frameworks’ collectively), which are relevant to the seaweed industry in the Philippines. A total of 12 frameworks were identified, of which a sub-set of seven were compared using defined biosecurity themes, risks, and management measures to evaluate how seaweed biosecurity is incorporated into national policy. The inclusion of biosecurity-related activities in national frameworks was found to be limited to aquatic animal commodities or agricultural crops. Only the Code of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAqP) for seaweed specifically included seaweed cultivation, however, it did not include any biosecurity measures. The results indicated a clear gap in current biosecurity legislation and policy in the Philippines, which if addressed have the potential to reduce the impact of endemic and emergent diseases and pests and support the sustainable growth of this important industry.

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Acknowledgments

The corresponding authors are thankful to the reviewers for their critical comments.

Funding

This study was supported by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation–Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI-GCRF) ‘GlobalSeaweedSTAR’ Programme (Grant No. BB/P027806/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines

    Jonalyn P. Mateo, Victor Marco Emmanuel N. Ferriols & Anicia Q. Hurtado

  2. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37, Scotland

    Iona Campbell & Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook

  3. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department, 5021, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines

    Maria Rovilla J. Luhan

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  1. Jonalyn P. Mateo
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  5. Victor Marco Emmanuel N. Ferriols
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Correspondence to Jonalyn P. Mateo or Anicia Q. Hurtado.

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Mateo, J.P., Campbell, I., Cottier-Cook, E.J. et al. Analysis of biosecurity-related policies governing the seaweed industry of the Philippines. J Appl Phycol 32, 2009–2022 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02083-7

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