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A standard method for the routine sampling of terrestrial diatom communities for soil quality assessment

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A Correction to this article was published on 24 January 2018

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Abstract

Terrestrial diatom communities are dynamic, partially unknown and potential bioindicators of the soil ecological quality. Many different sampling methods for soil algae can be found in the literature. However, so far none of them have been tested for their performance with soil diatom communities and given recommendations for obtaining a representative diatom sample for bioindication purposes. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized sampling protocol for terrestrial diatoms and test the spatial variability of the communities to ensure the representativeness of the samples obtained. Sampling was performed in four different sampling sites in the Attert River basin (NW Luxembourg), using metal cylinders (Ø 5.6 cm) to extract soil cores. Our objective was to determine whether a single cylinder or a mix of several is needed to obtain a representative sample of the community of a certain site. Different statistical analyses (ANOVA, PerMANOVA and Mantel test) have been carried out to assess the reliability of the sampling method and give some recommendations for a routine sampling. Inside each site, no differences were found between single and mixed samples for their species composition or diatom-based quality index values. However, the species richness and diversity had significant differences in the only natural (forest) sampled site. The method here presented has proven to be useful for obtaining representative soil diatom samples and its use is recommended following the advices presented in this work.

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  • 24 January 2018

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), which provided the opportunity and the necessary funding for conducting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg

    Carlos Barragán, Carlos E. Wetzel & Luc Ector

  2. Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, calle Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Carlos Barragán

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  1. Carlos Barragán
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Correspondence to Carlos Barragán.

Additional information

The original version of this article was revised: In Figs. 45-94. (foot note), “Sellaphora sp. (aff. hustedtii/sardiniensis)” had been recently described as “Sellaphora lundii”. In Table 2, the entire line with “Sellaphora lundii C.E. Wetzel, Barragán & Ector” should be moved after the taxon “Sellaphora atomoides C.E. Wetzel & Van de Vijver”. The data are now correctly shown here.

Appendices

Appendix 1

Figs. 6-44
figure 6

Indicator diatom species found at the Weierbach (WEI), LM Figs 7–41, SEM Figs 41–44. 6–12, 41. Fragilariforma virescens. 13–17, 42. Gomphonema productum. 18–25. Pinnularia perirrorata. 26–31, 43. Eunotia minor. 32–36, 44. Eunotia botuliformis. 37–40. Fragilaria nevadensis

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Figs. 45-94
figure 7

Indicator diatom species found at Huewelerbach (HUE), LM Figs 45–91, SEM Figs 92–94. 45–55, 92. Pinnularia sp. (aff. frauenbergiana var. caloneiopsis). 56–57. Hantzschia calcifuga. 58–66. Sellaphora lundii. 67–82, 93. Sellaphora atomoides. 83–86. Sellaphora subseminulum. 87–91, 94. Pinnularia cf. frequentis

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Figs. 95-141
figure 8

Indicator diatom species found at Wollefsbach (WOL), LM Figs 95–139, SEM Figs 140–142. 95–109, 140. Hantzschia amphioxys. 110–113, 141. Pinnularia sp. (aff. bullacostae). 114–123. Nitzschia aff. adamata. 124–126, 142. Craticula minusculoides. 127–139. Surirella aff. terricola

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Figs. 143-203
figure 9

Indicator diatom species found at Useldange (USE), LM Figs 143–199, SEM Figs 200–203. 143–164, 200–201. Pinnularia obscura. 165–194, 202. Mayamaea atomus. 195–199, 203. Mayamaea lacunolaciniata

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Appendix 2

Table 2 Complete list of diatom taxa observed in terrestrial samples. Relative abundance mean values ± standard deviation and number of samples indicated
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Barragán, C., Wetzel, C.E. & Ector, L. A standard method for the routine sampling of terrestrial diatom communities for soil quality assessment. J Appl Phycol 30, 1095–1113 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1336-7

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