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Growth characteristics and reproductive capability of green tide algae in Rudong coast, China

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Abstract

Since 2007, green tides have occurred along the coast of the Yellow Sea, China. The green tide extended to 50,000 km2 (floating area) within 2–3 months and the calculated covering area was about 400 km2 in 2010. These facts implied that the growth and reproduction of the dominant species Ulva prolifera were stimulated. We observed that 1 cm2 blades (single layer) released 2.84–6.62 × 106 spores or 1.14–2.65 × 107 gametes and that 91.6–96.4 % of them germinated into younger seedlings. This means that, in theory, 1 g (fresh weight) of blades was able to produce about 2.8 × 108–2.7 × 109 new younger seedlings. From 2009 to 2011, the growth rate of green tide algae was measured in situ in enclosure experiments in Rudong coast, Jiangsu Province and the growth curve of the algae was divided into four phases: lag phase, accelerated phase, stationary phase, and decline phase. Usually, the average daily specific relative growth rate was about 23.2–23.6 % d−1 for a whole growth period, and it reached up to 56.2 % d−1 in the accelerated phase. Correspondingly, the morphology of green tide algae in enclosures also showed periodic variation as follows: blades presented new filamentous branches from old thallus in the lag phase, longer filamentous branches in the accelerated phase, tubular and cystic blades in the stationary phase, and folded blades in the decline stage. Those studies may be useful for understanding the green tide blooming mechanism.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project, China (201205010) and (201105023), the Project for Excellence Disciplines Leader (08XD14037), International Cooperation Project (08540702600), Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars (SSC10001), Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation (A-2400-10-0130), National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAC07B03), and the establishment and application of the technique to detect the green tide proliferate in the South Yellow Sea (MATHAB20120209). Thanks are also due to anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Jianheng Zhang, Yuanzi Huo, Kefeng Yu, Qunfang Chen, Qing He, Wei Han, Liping Chen, Jiachun Cao, Dingji Shi & Peimin He

  2. Institute of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Jianheng Zhang, Yuanzi Huo, Kefeng Yu, Qunfang Chen, Qing He, Wei Han, Liping Chen, Jiachun Cao, Dingji Shi & Peimin He

  3. The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanzi Huo

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  1. Jianheng Zhang
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  2. Yuanzi Huo
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  3. Kefeng Yu
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  10. Peimin He
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Correspondence to Peimin He.

Additional information

This paper was presented at the 8th Asia-Pacific Conference on Algal Biotechnology, Adelaide, Australia, 2012.

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Zhang, J., Huo, Y., Yu, K. et al. Growth characteristics and reproductive capability of green tide algae in Rudong coast, China. J Appl Phycol 25, 795–803 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9972-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9972-4

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