Abstract
Bullying victimization is a prevalent concern for neurodivergent (e.g., autistic, ADHD) youth. Bullying assessment methods vary widely and there is currently no questionnaire specific to neurodivergent youth. The Assessment of Bullying Experiences (ABE) was created to fill this gap. The ABE questionnaire was completed by 335 parents of school-age youth characterized as autistic, having ADHD, or community comparison. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis identified a four-factor solution, aligning with verbal, physical, relational, and cyber victimization. Construct validity analyses indicate the ABE converges with an existing bullying questionnaire and diverges from disruptive behavior or internalizing symptoms. The ABE questionnaire is a valid measure of bullying that furthers understanding of nuance in peer victimization for neurodivergent youth and informs group-specific intervention.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Summer Bottini, PhD, BCBA-D, for her work formatting the ABE questionnaire. This manuscript was prepared from the first author’s doctoral dissertation.
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This study was funded by the Binghamton University startup account for Dr. Jennifer Gillis.
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This study was conceptualized and designed by HM, JG, RR, and EZ. Material preparation and data collection were performed by HM. Data anlysis was conducted by HM and KB. The manuscript was drafted by HM and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This study was approved by the IRB at the authors’ university. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Morton, H.E., Gillis, J.M., Zale, E.L. et al. Development and Validation of the Assessment of Bullying Experiences Questionnaire for Neurodivergent Youth. J Autism Dev Disord 52, 4651–4664 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05330-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05330-z