Abstract
By engaging with family members through video-chat technology, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may access additional opportunities to develop social connections to build familial cohesion and access emotional support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a behavioral intervention package in teaching social conversation via video-chat. Using a non-concurrent multiple-baseline across participants with an embedded alternating treatments design, three seven-year-old males with ASD were taught two variations of a social conversation. Their conversation skills generalized to unfamiliar adults, some of whom had no prior experience with children with ASD. When visual supports were removed, participants appropriately varied their social conversations. Social conversations continued to occur 2 weeks following the completion of the study. Results and implications are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akers, J. S., Higbee, T. S., Gerencser, K. R., & Pellegrino, A. J. (2018). An evaluation of group activity schedules to promote social play in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 51, 553–570. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.474.
Akers, J. S., Pyle, N., Higbee, T. S., Pyle, D., & Gerencser, K. R. (2016). A synthesis of script fading effects with individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A 20-year review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-015-0062-9.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Bauminger, N., Shulman, C., & Agam, G. (2003). Peer interaction and loneliness in high-functioning children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 489–507.
Bennett, K. S., & Hay, D. A. (2007). The role of family in the development of social skills in children with physical disabilities. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 54, 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/10349120701654555.
Betz, A., Higbee, T. S., & Reagon, K. A. (2008). Using joint activity schedules to promote peer engagement in preschoolers with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 237–241. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2008.41-237.
Bozkus-Genc, G., & Yucesoy-Ozkan, S. (2016). Meta-analysis of pivotal response training for children with autism spectrum disorder. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51, 31–36.
Brodhead, M. T., Al-Dubayan, M., Mates, M., Abel, E., & Brouwers, L. (2016a). An evaluation of a brief video-based multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 9, 160–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-015-0081-0.
Brodhead, M. T., Courtney, W., & Thaxton, J. (2018). Using activity schedules to promote varied application use in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 51, 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.435.
Brodhead, M. T., Higbee, T. S., Gerencser, K. R., & Akers, J. S. (2016b). The use of a discrimination-training procedure to teach mand variability to children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 49, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.280.
Brodhead, M. T., Higbee, T. S., Pollard, J. S., Akers, J. S., & Gerencser, K. S. (2014). The use of linked activity schedules to teach children with autism to play hide-and-seek. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 47, 645–650. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.145.
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Person Education.
Dotson, W. H., Leaf, J. B., Sheldon, J. B., & Sherman, J. A. (2010). Group teaching of conversational skills to adolescents on the autism spectrum. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.005.
Eldevik, S., Hastings, R. P., Hughes, C., Jahr, E., Eikeseth, S., & Cross, S. (2009). Meta-analysis of early intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38, 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410902851739.
Frost, L., & Bondy, A. (2002). The picture exchange communication system training manual (2nd ed.). Cherry Hill, NJ: Pyramid Educational Consultants.
Gunning, C., Breathnach, Ó., Holloway, J., McTiernan, A., & Malone, B. (2019). A systematic review of peer-mediated interventions for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive settings. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 6, 40–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-018-0153-5.
Haven, E. L., Manangan, C. N., Sparrow, J. K., & Wilson, B. J. (2014). The relation of parent-child interaction qualities to social skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 18, 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361312470036.
Kagohara, D., van der Meer, L., Ramdoss, S., O’Reilly, M., Lancioni, T., Davis, T., et al. (2013). Using iPods and iPads in teaching programs for individuals with developmental disabilities: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519.
Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-case research designs (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Knight, V., Sartini, E., & Spriggs, A. D. (2015). Evaluating visual activity schedules as evidence-based practice for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 157–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2201-z.
Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Frea, W. D., & Fredeen, R. M. (2001). Identifying early intervention targets for children with autism in inclusive school settings. Behavior Modification, 25, 745–761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445501255005.
Koyama, T., & Wang, H. (2011). Use of activity schedules to promote independent performance of individuals with autism and other intellectual disabilities: A review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 2235–2242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.003.
LaFrance, D. L., & Tarbox, J. (in press). The importance of multiple exemplar instruction in the establishment of novel verbal behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis.
Larsson, E. V. (2013). Is applied behavior analysis (ABA) and early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) an effective treatment for autism? A cumulative review of impartial reports. Retrieved from http://www.abia.net.au/images/Larsson-Is-ABA-and-EIBI-an-effective-treatment-for-autism.pdf.
Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (2018). Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. (2012). Autism diagnostic observation schedule (2nd ed.). Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Matson, J. L., Benavidez, D. A., Compton, L. S., Paclawskyj, T., & Baglio, C. (1996). Behavioral treatment of autism persons: A review of research from 1980 to present. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 433–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00030-3.
Matson, J. L., Turygin, N. C., Beighley, J., Rieske, R., Tureck, K., & Matson, M. L. (2012). Applied behavior analysis in autism spectrum disorders: Recent developments, strengths, and pitfalls. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.014.
McClannahan, L. E., & Krantz, P. J. (2010). Activity schedules for children with autism: Teaching independent behavior (2nd ed.). Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.
Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., & Davis, J. L. (2011). Effect size in single-case research: A review of nine nonoverlap techniques. Behavior Modification, 35, 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445511399147.
Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., Korzilius, H., & Sturmey, P. (2011). A meta-analytic study on the effectiveness of comprehensive ABA-based intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.011.
Pollard, J. S., Betz, A. M., & Higbee, T. S. (2012). Script fading to promote unscripted bids for joint attention in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45, 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2012.45-387.
Radley, K. C., Battaglia, A. A., Dadakhodjaeva, K., Ford, W. B., & Robbins, K. (2018). Increasing behavioral variability and social skill accuracy in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Behavioral Education, 27, 395–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-018-9294-y.
Rakap, R. (2015). Effect sizes as result interpretation aids in single-subject experimental research: Description and application of four nonoverlap methods. British Journal of Special Education, 42, 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12091.
Ranick, J., Persicke, A., Tarbox, J., & Kornack, J. A. (2013). Teaching children with autism to detect and respond to deceptive statements. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 503–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.12.001.
Rodriguez, N. M., & Thompson, R. H. (2014). Behavioral variability and autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48, 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.164.
Shattuck, P. T., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Orsmond, G. I., Bolt, D., Kring, S., et al. (2007). Chang in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1735–1747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0307-7.
Silbaugh, B. C., Falcomata, T. S., & Ferguson, R. H. (2018). Effects of a lag schedule of reinforcement with progressive time delay on topographical mand variability in children with autism. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 21, 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2017.1369190.
Stokes, T. F., & Baer, D. M. (1977). An implicit technology of generalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349.
Sundberg, M. L. (2014). Verbal behavior milestones assessment and placement program (VB-MAPP) (2nd ed.). Concord, CA: AVB Press.
Thompson, T. (2014). Autism and behavior analysis. In F. K. McSweeney & E. S. Murphy (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of operant and classical conditioning (pp. 483–508). Oxford: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118468135.ch19.
Van Reet, J. (2012). Learning through play: procedural versus declarative knowledge. In A. M. Pinkham, T. Kaefer, & S. B. Neuman (Eds.), Knowledge development in early childhood (pp. 11–34). New York: The Guilford Press.
Virués-Ortega, J. (2010). Applied behavior analytic intervention for autism in early childhood: Meta-analysis, meta-regression and dose-response meta-analysis of multiple outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.008.
Acknowledgment
This research was supported in part by the Clifford B. Kinley Trust.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MTB conceived and designed the study. MTB and SYK conducted the research sessions. MTB, SYK, MJR, ESS, and MYSB performed data analyses. MTB, MJR, and ESS wrote the manuscript. MTB, SYK, MJR, ESS, and MYSB contributed to the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brodhead, M.T., Kim, S.Y., Rispoli, M.J. et al. A Pilot Evaluation of a Treatment Package to Teach Social Conversation via Video-Chat. J Autism Dev Disord 49, 3316–3327 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04055-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04055-4