Abstract
Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often demonstrate delays in expressive communication, impacting their ability to independently function in typical environments. Individuals with ASD who develop expressive language during early childhood experience better outcomes later in life; therefore, examination of naturalistic language interventions (NLIs) remain an important area of investigation. The current study used a multiple probe design across participants to examine the effects of a classroom-based NLI on various expressive language targets in three preschool-aged children demonstrating characteristics of ASD. Findings suggest the intervention had positive and maintained effects on trial-based use of language targets, as well as concomitant changes in commenting, requesting, and phrase complexity. Implications regarding implementation of NLIs within typical classroom play activities are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayers, K., & Ledford, J. R. (2014). Dependent measures and measurement systems. In D. L. Gast & J. R. Ledford (Eds.), Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 124–153). New York, NY: Routledge.
Beuker, K. T., Rommelse, N. N., Donders, R., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2013). Development of early communication skills in the first two years of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 36(1), 71–83.
Bottema-Beutel, K., Yoder, P., Woynaroski, T., & Sandbank, M. (2014). Targeted interventions for social communication symptoms in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, S. J. Rogers, & K. A. Pelphrey (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (4th ed., Vol. 2). doi:10.1002/9781118911389.hautc31.
Chiang, H. (2009). Naturalistic observations of elicited expressive communication of children with autism: An analysis of teacher instructors. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 13, 165–178.
Christensen-Sandfort, R. J., & Whinnery, S. B. (2013). Impact of milieu teaching on communication skills of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 34, 211–222.
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Dawson, G., Jones, E. J. H., Merkle, K., Venema, K., Lowy, R., Faja, S., et al. (2012). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 1150–1159.
Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. (2014). DEC recommended practices in early intervention/early childhood special education. Retrieved from: http://www.dec-sped.org/recommendedpractices.
Filla, A., Wolery, M., & Anthony, L. (1999). Promoting children’s conversations during play with adult prompts. Journal of Early Intervention, 22, 93–108.
Gast, D. L., Lloyd, B., & Ledford, J. R. (2014). Multiple baseline and multiple probe designs. In D. L. Gast & J. R. Ledford (Eds.), Single case research methodology. Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 251–296). New York, NY: Routledge.
Gast, D. L., & Spriggs A. D. (2014). Visual analysis of graphic data. In Gast D. L., & Ledford J. R. (Eds.), Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 176–210). New York, NY: Routledge.
Guralnick, M. J. (2010). Early intervention approaches to enhance the peer-related social competence of young children with developmental delays: A historical perspective. Infants & Young Children, 23, 73–83.
Hart, B. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Establishing use of descriptive adjectives in the spontaneous speech of disadvantaged preschool children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2, 109–120.
Hart, B. M., & Risley, T. R. (1975). Incidental teaching of language in preschool. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 411–420.
Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 165–179.
Justice, L. M., & Redle, E. E. (2014). communication sciences and disorders: A clinical evidence-based approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Kaiser, A. P., & Grimm, J. C. (2005). Teaching functional communication skills. In M. Snell & F. Brown (Eds.), Instruction of students with severe disabilities (pp. 447–488). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Kasari, C., Gulsrud, A. C., Wong, C., Kwon, S., & Locke, J. (2010). Randomized controlled caregiver mediated joint engagement intervention for toddlers with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1045–1056.
Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K., & Carter, C. M. (1999). Pivotal teaching interactions for children with autism. School Psychology Review, 28, 576–594.
Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M. & Shadish, W. R. (2010). Single-case designs technical documentation. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/wwc_scd.pdf.
Lane, J. D., & Brown, J. A. (2016). Promoting communication development in young children with or at-risk for disabilities. In B. Reichow, B. A. Boyd, E. E. Barton, S. L. Odom (Eds.), Handbook of early childhood special education. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28492-7.
Lane, J. D., Lieberman-Betz, R., & Gast, D. L. (2016). An analysis of naturalistic interventions for increasing spontaneous expressive language in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Special Education, 50, 49–61.
LeBlanc, L. A., Esch, J., Sidener, T. M., & Firth, A. M. (2006). Behavioral language interventions for children with autism: Comparing applied verbal behavior and naturalistic teaching approaches. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 22(1), 49–60.
Ledford, J. R., Hall, E., Conder, E., & Lane, J. D. (2015). Research for young children with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence of social and ecological validity. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. doi:10.1177/0271121415585956.
Ledford, J. R., & Wolery, M. (2013). Peer modeling of academic and social behaviors during small-group direct instruction. Exceptional Children, 79, 439–458.
Lieberman, R. G., & Yoder, P. (2012). Play and communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A framework for early intervention. Journal of Early Intervention, 34, 82–103.
Reichow, B., & Wolery, M. (2008). Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA Young Autism Project model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 23–41.
Roberts, M. Y., & Kaiser, A. P. (2011). The effectiveness of parent-implemented language interventions: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20, 180–199.
Sandall, S., Hemmeter, M. L., Smith, B. J., & McLean, M. E. (2005). DEC recommended practices: A comprehensive guide for practical application in early intervention/early childhood special education. Longmont: Sopris West.
Schreibman, L., Dawson, G., Stahmer, A. C., Landa, R., Rogers, S. J., McGee, G., et al. (2015). Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions: Empirically validated treatments for autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2407-8.
Schreibman, L., Stahmer, A. C., Barlett, V. C., & Dufek, S. (2009). Brief report: Toward refinement of a predictive behavioral profile for treatment outcome in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 163–172.
Shepley, C., Lane, J. D., & Shepley, S. (2014). Teaching young children with social-communication delays to label actions using videos and language expansion models: A pilot study. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. doi:10.1177/1088357614552189.
Snyder, P. A., Rakap, S., Hemmeter, M. L., McLaughlin, T. W., Sandall, S., & McLean, M. E. (2015). Naturalistic instructional approaches in early learning: A systematic review. Journal of Early Intervention, 37, 69–97.
Yoder, P., & Lieberman, R. (2008). What does teaching declaratives tell us about the criteria by which we can judge the developmental importance of treatment outcomes? Evidence-based communication assessment and intervention, 2, 225–234.
Zager, D., Wehmeyer, M. L., & Simpson, R. (2012). Educating students with autism spectrum disorders: Research-based principles and practices. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Author Contributions
JL conceived of the study, designed procedures, trained the implementer and coders, assisted with coding of data, interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript; CS implemented the procedures, assisted with coding of data, assisted with interpreting data, coded data, and assisted with drafting the manuscript; RLB participated in the design of the study, interpretation of the data, and assisted with drafting the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Justin D. Lane, Collin Shepley and Rebecca Lieberman-Betz declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Human Participants and/or Animals—Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2917-z.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lane, J.D., Shepley, C. & Lieberman-Betz, R. Promoting Expressive Language in Young Children with or At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Preschool Classroom. J Autism Dev Disord 46, 3216–3231 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2856-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2856-8