Abstract
The etiology of borderline personality pathology has consistently been framed as an interactional process between child vulnerability (i.e. emotional sensitivity and reactivity; Linehan, 1993) and invalidating parenting strategies, which evolves into increased emotion dysregulation and disinhibited behavior of the child and in turn activates more parental invalidation. Despite the strong theoretical base in support of these high-risk parent–child transactions, invalidating parenting behaviors have mostly been explored as a cause of child dysregulation and disinhibition, rather than as a result of child-driven effects. Also, most transactional research in this regard focused at differences between families, thereby not addressing potential changes within families across time. The current study therefore examines bidirectional between- and within-family effects of childhood borderline-related traits and maternal invalidation in the sensitive developmental phase of pre-adolescence (n = 574; 54.4% girls) along three assessment points. Cross-Lagged Panel Models and Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models indicated detrimental parenting effects of invalidation on subsequent development in borderline-related traits of the child both between and within families, and additional child-driven effects for subsequent invalidating parenting strategies within families. Beyond these transactions between borderline-related traits and parenting, the current study also indicates significant differences in the direction of effects when exploring transactions between more common dimensions of child internalizing/externalizing symptomatology and parental invalidation, suggesting a more substantial parenting etiology in the developmental process of borderline traits throughout pre-adolescence. Future longitudinal research may explore to what extent the transactional nature of borderline personality traits during important developmental stages indeed holds unique aspects compared to more common manifestations of symptomatology at young age.
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Data is available upon request.
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Code is available upon request.
Notes
Maximum likelihood parameter estimation uses available data for each case to compute maximum likelihood estimates, i.e. the value of the parameter that is most likely to have resulted in the observed data.
Additional analyses, empirically demonstrating that the described transactional processes are actually mostly predictive of borderline personality disorder outcome in young adulthood, relative to other PD outcomes, are available upon request from the first author.
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Franssens, R., Abrahams, L., Brenning, K. et al. Unraveling Prospective Reciprocal Effects between Parental Invalidation and Pre-Adolescents’ Borderline Traits: Between- and Within-Family Associations and Differences with Common Psychopathology-Parenting Transactions. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 49, 1387–1401 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00825-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00825-w