Abstract
Purpose
Different and various system complications and late effects may occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It was aimed to obtain information about the frequency of ophthalmologic complications and their relationship with treatment.
Methods
This retrospective study includes 104 children who underwent HSCT between February 2019 and June 2020 at the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit. Patients' ages, genders, diagnosis, transplant types, chemotherapy regimens, transplantation details, conditioning regimens, supportive cares, graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, infection episodes, and ophthalmologic findings were evaluated.
Results
Of the 104 patients included in the study, 38 (36.5%) were female and 66 (63.5%) were male. Average age ± SD was 8.7 ± 4.91. Considering the diagnoses, the majority of the patients were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (46 patients-44%). Myeloablative regimen was used in 93 (89%) of the patients, and reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) was used in 11 patients (10%). While total body irradiation was applied in 16 (15%) patients, one patient was received cranial radiotherapy. Cyclosporine was used in 96 (92%) patients. CMV reactivation was detected in 54 (51%) of the patients. CMV retinitis was not seen. Ocular pathology was detected in 20 (19%) patients before HSCT and in 12 (11%) patients after HSCT. The most common pathology was dry eye.
Conclusion
Routine ophthalmologic examinations are important in terms of early diagnosis. In addition, GvHD and CMV prophylaxis is important because of reducing the risk of ocular complications after HSCT.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Socie G, Salooja N, Cohen A, Rovelli A, Carreras E, Locasciulli A et al (2003) Nonmalignant late effects after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 101:3373–3385
Inamoto Y, Lee SJ (2017) Late effects of blood and marrow transplantation. Haematologica 102:614–625
Battiwalla M, Hashmi S, Majhail N, Pavletic S, Savani BN, Shelburne N (2017) National institutes of health hematopoietic cell transplantation late effects initiative: developing recommendations to improve survivorship and long-term outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 23:6–9
Arora M, Nagaraj S, Witte J et al (2009) New classification of chronic GVHD: added clarity from the consensus diagnoses. Bone Marrow Transpl 43:149–153
Jagasia M, Giglia J, Chinratanalab W et al (2007) Incidence and outcome of chronic graft-versus-host disease using National Institutes of Health consensus criteria. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 13:1207–1215
Hirst LW, Jabs DA, Tutschka PJ, Green WR, Santos GW (1983) The eye in bone marrow transplantation, I: clinical study. Arch Ophthalmol 101(4):580–584
Ayuso VK, Hettinga Y, van der Does P, Boelens JJ, Rothova A, de Boer J (2013) Ocular complications in children within 1 year after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. JAMA Ophthalmol 131(4):470–475
Filipovich AH, Weisdorf D, Pavletic S et al (2005) National Institutes of Health consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. Diagnosis and staging working group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 11:945–956
Cutler C, Giri S, Jeyapalan S et al (2001) Acute and chronic graftversus- host disease after allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell and bone marrow transplantation: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 19:3685–3691
Shimazaki J (1995) Definition and criteria of dry eye. Ganka (Japan) 37:765–770
Lemp MA (1995) Report of the national eye institute/industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J 21:221–232
Martin PJ, Weisdorf D, Przepiorka D et al (2006) National Institutes of Health consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: VI. Design of clinical trials working group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 12:491–505
Bradfield YS, Kushner BJ, Gangnon RE (2005) Ocular complications after organ and bone marrow transplantation in children. J AAPOS 9(5):426–432
Fahnehjelm KT, To¨rnquist AL, Olsson M, Winiarski J (2007) Visual outcome and cataract development after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in children. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 85(7):724–733
Fahnehjelm KT, To¨rnquist AL, Winiarski J (2008) Dry-eye syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children. Acta Ophthalmol 86(3):253–258
Yoo YS, Na KS, Shin JA, Park YH, Lee JW (2017) Posterior eye segment complications related to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Retina 37:135–143
Jeon S, Lee WK, Lee Y, Lee DG, Lee JW (2012) Risk factors for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with cytomegalovirus viremia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ophthalmology 119:1892–1898
Hiwarkar P, Gajdosova E, Qasim W, Worth A, Breuer J, Chiesa R et al (2014) Frequent occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis during immune reconstitution warrants regular ophthalmic screening in high-risk pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 58:1700–1706
Larochelle MB, Phan R, Craddock J, Abzug MJ, Curtis D, Robinson CC et al (2017) Cytomegalovirus retinitis in pediatric stem cell transplants: report of a recent cluster and the development of a screening protocol. Am J Ophthalmol 175:8–15
Moon SJ, Mieler WF (2003) Retinal complications of bone marrow and solid organ transplantation. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 14(6):433–442
Aristei C, Alessandro M, Santucci A et al (2002) Cataracts in patients receiving stem cell transplantation after conditioning with total body irradiation. Bone Marrow Transpl 29:503–507
Najima Y, Kakihana K, Ohashi K et al (2011) Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of cataracts following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 86(6):508–510
Orhan B, Malbora B, Akça Bayar S, Avcı Z, Alioğlu B, Özbek N (2016) Ophthalmologic findings in children with leukemia: a single-center study. Turk J Ophthalmol 46(2):62–67
Funding
This research received no specific Grant from any funding agency.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Consent for publication
Approval statement for participation received from the Legal Authorized Representatives of the participants.
Ethical approval
This retrospective study was approved by Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine Gaziosmanpasa Hospital Local Ethics Committee in 2020.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sarbay, H., Hagverdiyeva, S., Turkkan, E. et al. Ophthalmologic findings and complications before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: single-center study. Int Ophthalmol 41, 2533–2538 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01811-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01811-3