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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in brain cancer: challenges and therapeutic strategies

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Abstract

The most fatal malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS) is glioblastoma. Brain cancer is a ‘cold’ tumor because of fewer immunoregulatory cells and more immunosuppressive cells. Due to the cold nature of brain cancers, conventional treatments which are used to manage glioma patients show little effectiveness. Glioma patients even showed resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and no significant efficacy. It has been shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) account for approximately 30–50% of the tumor mass in glioma. This study aimed to review MDSC function in brain cancer, as well as possible treatments and related challenges. In brain cancer and glioma, several differences in the context of MDSCs have been reported, including disagreements about the MDSC subtype that has the most inhibitory function in the brain, or inhibitory function of regulatory B cells (Bregs). There are also serious challenges in treating glioma patients. In addition to the cold nature of glioma, there are reports of an increase in MDSCs following conventional chemotherapy treatments. As a result, targeting MDSCs in combination with other therapies, such as ICB, is essential, and recent studies with the combination therapy approach have shown promising therapeutic effects in brain cancer.

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Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Mohammad Salemizadeh Parizi

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA

    Fatemeh Salemizadeh Parizi

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Abdolhosseini

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Shohreh Vanaei

  5. School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Ali Manzouri

  6. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh

Authors
  1. Mohammad Salemizadeh Parizi
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  2. Fatemeh Salemizadeh Parizi
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  3. Saeed Abdolhosseini
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  4. Shohreh Vanaei
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  5. Ali Manzouri
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  6. Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
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Contributions

MS and FE contributed to the idea design and literature search. FS wrote parts of the manuscript. AM contributed to designing the figures. SA and SV contributed to language editing and revision.

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Correspondence to Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh.

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Salemizadeh Parizi, M., Salemizadeh Parizi, F., Abdolhosseini, S. et al. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in brain cancer: challenges and therapeutic strategies. Inflammopharmacol 29, 1613–1624 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00878-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00878-9

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