Abstract
Objective
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes and pain is one of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, however, currently available drugs are often ineffective and complicated by adverse events. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between gabapentin and minocycline in a mice experimental model of DN by streptozocin (STZ).
Methods
The interaction of gabapentin with minocycline was evaluated by the writhing and hot plate tests at 3 and 7 days after STZ injection or vehicle in male CF1 mice.
Results
STZ (150 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a marked increase in plasma glucose levels on day 7 (397.46 ± 29.65 mg/dL) than on day 3 (341.12 ± 35.50 mg/dL) and also developed neuropathic pain measured by algesiometric assays. Gabapentin produced similar antinociceptive activity in both writhing and hot plate tests in mice pretreated with STZ. However, minocycline was more potent in the writhing than in the hot plate test in the same type of mice. The combination of gabapentin with minocycline produced synergistic interaction in both test.
Conclusion
The combination of gabapentin with minocycline in a 1:1 proportion fulfills all the criteria of multimodal analgesia and this finding suggests that the combination provide a therapeutic alternative that could be used for human neuropathic pain management.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bijnsdorp IV, Giovannetti E, Peters G (2011) Analysis of drug interactions. Methods Mol Biol 731:421–434
Chaudhry ZZ, Morris DL, Moss DR, Sims EK, Chiong Y, Kono T, Evans-Molina C (2013) Streptozocin is equally diabetogenic whether administered to fed or fasted mice. Lab Anim 47:257–265
Cheng JK, Chiou LC (2006) Mechanisms of the antinoceptive action of gabapentin. J Pharmacol Sci 100:471–486
Cho IH, Lee MJ, Jang M, Gwak NG, Lee KY, Jung HS (2012) Minocycline markedly reduces acute visceral nociception via inhibiting neuronal ERK phosphorylation. Mol Pain 24:8–13
Colleoni M, Sacerdote P (2010) Murine models of human neuropathic pain. Biochim Biophys Acta 1802:924–933
Feng Y, Cui M, Willis WD (2003) Gabapentin markedly reduces acetic acid-induced visceral nociception. Anesthesiology 98:729–733
Gao F, Zheng ZM (2014) Animal models of diabetic. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 122:100–106
Goldstein A, Aronov L, Kalman SM (1974) Principles of drug action, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 89–96
IASP (2015) Pain clinical update. Halting the march of painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 4:1–8
Ik-Hyun C, Lee CNM, Gwak G, Lee Y (2012) Minocycline markedly reduces acute visceral nociception via inhibiting neuronal ERK phosphorylation. Mol Pain 8:13–26
Jensen TS, Baron R, Haanpää M, Kalso E, Loeser JD, Rice ASC, Treede RD (2011) A new definition of neuropathic pain. Pain 152:2204–2205
Kilic FS, Sirmagul B, Yildirim E, Oner S, Erol K (2012) Antinociceptive effects of gabapentin & its mechanism of action in experimental animal studies. Indian J Med Res 135:630–635
Kim TH, Kim HI, Kim J, Park M, Song JH (2011) Effects of minocycline on Na+ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 1370:34–42
King J (2012) The use of animal models in diabetes research. J Pharmacol 166:877–894
Li D, Liang X, Sun B, Ding X, Han H, Rong W, Zhang G (2015) Impairments of the primary afferent nerves in a rat model of diabetic visceral hyposensitivity. Mol Pain 11:74–81
Miranda HF, Noriega V, Olavarría L, Zepeda RJ, Sierralta F, Prieto JC (2001) Antinocicepcion and anti-inflammation induced by simvastatin in algesiometric assay in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 109:438–442
Miranda HF, Sierralta F, Pinardi G (2002) Neostigmine interactions with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Pharmacol 135:1591–1597
Miranda HF, Puig MM, Prieto JC, Pinardi G (2006) Synergism between paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental acute pain. Pain 121:22–28
Obrosova IG (2009) Diabetic painful and insensate neuropathy: pathogenesis and potential treatments. Neurotherapeutics 6:638–647
Pabreja K, Dua K, Sharma S, Padi SS, Kulkarni SK (2011) Minocycline attenuates the development of diabetic neuropathic pain: possible anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 661:15–21
Padi SS, Kulkarni SK (2008) Minocycline prevents the development of neuropathic pain, but not acute pain: possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 601:79–87
Schreiber AK, Nones CFM, Reis RC, Chichorro JG, Cunha JM (2015) Diabetic neuropathic pain: physiopathology and treatment. World J Diabetes 6:432–444
Stepanovic-Petrovic RM, Tomic MA, Vuckovic SM, Paranos S, Ugresic ND, Prostran MS, Milovanovic S, Boskovic B (2008) The antinociceptive effects of anticonvulsants in a mouse visceral pain model. Anesth Analg 106:1897–1903
Syngle A, Verma I, Krishan P, Garg N, Syngle V (2014) Minocycline improves peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: MIND study. Neurol Sci 35:1067–1073
Tallarida RJ (2000) Drug synergism and dose-effect data analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, pp 26–131
Tallarida RJ (2001) Drug synergism: its detection and applications. Pharmacol Exp Ther 298:865–872
Vanelderen P, Rouwette T, Kozicz T, Heylen R, Van Zundert J, Roubos EW, Vissers K (2013) Effects of chronic administration of amitriptyline, gabapentin and minocycline on spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neuropathic pain behavior in a rat chronic constriction injury model. Reg Anesth Pain Med 38:124–130
Veves A, Backonja M, Malik RA (2008) Painful diabetic neuropathy: epidemiology, natural history, early diagnosis, and treatment options. Pain Med 9:660–674
Wodarski R, Clark AK, Grist J, Marchand F, Malcangio M (2009) Gabapentin reverses microglial activation in the spinal cord of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pain 13:807–811
Wu J, Yang LJ (2015) Streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rodents as a model for studying mitochondrial mechanisms of diabetic β cell glucotoxicity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther 8:181–188
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by project from Andres Bello University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this manuscript.
Additional information
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0368-6.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miranda, H.F., Sierralta, F., Jorquera, V. et al. Antinociceptive interaction of gabapentin with minocycline in murine diabetic neuropathy. Inflammopharmacol 25, 91–97 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0308-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0308-5