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Anti-Proteus activity of some South African medicinal plants: their potential for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis

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Abstract

A wide variety of herbal remedies are used in traditional African medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammation. Thirty-four extracts from 13 South African plant species with a history of ethnobotanical usage in the treatment of inflammation were investigated for their ability to control two microbial triggers for RA (Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris). Twenty-nine of the extracts (85.3 %) inhibited the growth of P. mirabilis and 23 of them tested (67.7 %) inhibited the growth of P. vulgaris. Methanol and water extracts of Carpobrotus edulis, Lippia javanica, Pelargonium viridflorum, Ptaeroxylon obliquum, Syzygium cordatum leaf and bark, Terminalia pruinoides, Terminalia sericea, Warburgia salutaris bark and an aqueous extract of W. salutaris leaf were effective Proteus inhibitors, with MIC values <2,000 μg/ml. The most potent extracts were examined by Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and UV–Vis spectroscopy for the presence of resveratrol. Only extracts from T. pruinoides and T. sericea contained resveratrol, indicating that it was not responsible for the anti-Proteus properties reported here. All extracts with Proteus inhibitory activity were also either non-toxic, or of low toxicity in the Artemia nauplii bioassay. The low toxicity of these extracts and their inhibitory bioactivity against Proteus spp. indicate their potential for blocking the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are most grateful to Andrew Hankey, chief botanist at the Walter Sisulu Botanical Gardens in Johannesburg, South Africa for providing and identifying the plant materials used in these studies. We also thank Professor Charles de Koning and Myron Johnson of the Dept Chemistry, Witwatersrand University for access to their HPLC and for assistance with its operation. Financial support was provided by the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Futures Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia

    I. E. Cock

  2. Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia

    I. E. Cock

  3. Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa

    S. F. van Vuuren

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  1. I. E. Cock
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  2. S. F. van Vuuren
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Correspondence to I. E. Cock.

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Cock, I.E., van Vuuren, S.F. Anti-Proteus activity of some South African medicinal plants: their potential for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacol 22, 23–36 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-013-0179-3

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