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Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire

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Abstract

This study tested the applicability of the 34-item CDDQ (Gati & Saka, 2001) for use with adolescents from the Peoples Republic of China. The study devised a Chinese version of the scale using translation and back-translation, administered it to a sample of 514 Chinese adolescents, tested the psychometric properties of the scale in terms of factor structure and reliability, and examined its validity by testing associations with demographic variables (age, gender, paid work experience, socioeconomic status, and academic achievement) and scales tapping career decision-making self-efficacy and barriers. Results identified two stable factors for the CDDQ, namely Lack of Information and Inconsistent Information, but failed to confirm the third CDDQ factor of Readiness to make a career decision. Factor structure and reliability for the two identified factors were sound, and these factors related in the expected directions to demographic variables and the other career scales. Implications for use of the CDDQ in China are highlighted, and recommendations are made for the revision of the Readiness dimension.

Resumé. Fiabilité et validité d’une version chinoise du Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire

Cette étude a examiné l’applicabilité des 34 items du CDDQ (Gati & Saka, 2001) à des adolescents de la République Populaire de Chine. L’étude a développé une version chinoise de l’échelle en utilisant la traduction et la rétro-traduction, l’a administrée à un échantillon de 514 adolescents chinois, a examiné ses propriétés psychométriques en termes de structure factorielle et de fidélité et a examiné sa validité en analysant les associations avec des variables démographiques (âge, genre, expérience professionnelle rémunérée, statut socio-économique et réussite universitaire) et avec des échelles évaluant l’autoefficacité et les obstacles relatifs à la prise de décision vocationnelle. Les résultats ont identifié deux facteurs stables dans le CDDQ, à savoir le Manque d’information et l’Information contradictoire, mais ne confirment pas le troisième facteur de CDDQ, soit la Disponibilité pour la prise de décision vocationnelle. La structure factorielle et la fidélité pour les deux facteurs identifiés sont satisfaisantes et les liaisons entre ces facteurs et les variables démographiques ainsi que les autres échelles vocationnelles vont dans les directions prévues. Les implications pour l’usage duCDDQ en Chine sont soulignées et des recommandations sont faites pour la révision de la dimension Disponibilité pour la prise de décision.

Zussamenfassung. Reliabilität und Validität einer chinesischen Version des Fragebogens über berufliche Entscheidungsschwierigkeiten

Diese Untersuchung überprüfte die Anwendbarkeit des aus 34 Fragen bestehenden Fragebogens über berufliche Entscheidungsschwierigkeiten – Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire CDDQ – (Gati & Saka, 2001) für den Einsatz bei Jugendlichen in der Volksrepublik China. Die Untersuchung setzte eine chinesische Version des Fragebogens durch Übersetzung (der Fragen) und Rückübersetzung (der Antworten) ein, setzte den Test bei 514 chinesischen Jugendlichen ein, überprüfte die psychometrische Leistungsfähigkeit der Auswertungsskalen im Sinne der Faktorenstruktur und der Reliabilität, und überprüfte die Validität durch Vergleiche der Ergebnisse mit demografischen Daten (Alter, Geschlecht, Erfahrung mit bezahlter Arbeit, sozioökonomischer Status und Bildungsstand) sowie Auswertungen zu Berufsentscheidungsfähigkeit und – hindernissen. Die Ergebnisse weisen zwei stabile Faktoren des CDDQ aus, nämlich Mangel an Informationen und Widersprüchliche Informationen, konnten aber den dritten Faktor des CDDQ, Bereitschaft zur Berufsentscheidung, nicht bestätigen. Die Faktorenstruktur und die Reliabilität der beiden identifizierten waren überzeugend, und diese beiden Faktoren stimmen auch mit den im Vergleich zu demografischen Daten und zu anderen berufsbezogenen Auswertungen überein. Schlussfolgerungen für die Anwendung des CDDQ in China werden herausgestellt und Empfehlungen für die Überarbeitung des Bereitschafts-Faktors formuliert.

Resumen. Validez y fiabilidad de una versión china del Cuestionario de Dificultades en la Toma de Decisiones Profesionales (CDDQ)

En este estudio se sometió a prueba la aplicabilidad del cuestionario CDDQ de 34 items (Gati & Saka, 2001) para su uso con adolescentes de la República Popular de China. Se tradujo la escala y se llevó a cabo una contra-traducción, esta versión china se aplicó a una muestra de 514 adolescentes chinos, se estudiaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en términos de estructura factorial y fiabilidad, y se estudió su validez comprobando su relación con variables demográficas (edad, género, experiencia laboral remunerada, estatus socio-económico y rendimiento académico), con otras escalas que evalúan la auto-eficacia y las barreras en la toma de decisiones profesionales. Los resultados indicaron dos factores estables, la Falta de Información y la Información Inconsistente, pero no llegaron a confirmar el tercer factor del CDDQ, la Disposición para tomar una decisión profesional. La estructura factorial y la fiabilidad de los dos factores identificados era adecuada, y estos factores se correlacionaban en el sentido esperado con las variables demográficas y demás escalas. Se destacan las implicaciones para el uso del CDDQ en China y se formulan algunas recomendaciones para la revisión de la dimensión Disposición.

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Correspondence to Peter A. Creed.

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Received: July 2005; Accepted: October 2005

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Creed, P.A., Yin, W.O. Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire. Int J Educ Vocat Guidance 6, 47–63 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-006-0003-3

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