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A Novel Three-Party Mutual Authentication Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with GHZ States

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Abstract

A novel three-party quantum key agreement protocol based on GHZ entangled states is proposed. In this scheme, each party transmits particle sequences through quantum channels. The transmitted particle sequences include two parts, one part is used for mutual authentication, and the other part is used for quantum key agreement. Firstly, the entanglement property of the three-particle GHZ state is used to realize the mutual authentication of the three parties. The remaining particle sequences combine the rule to perform Pauli operation. By measuring several sequences held by each party and combining the GHZ state truth table, the final result of the bitwise XOR of the private keys of the remaining parties can be obtained. In the end, three parties combine their own private key to obtain the final shared key. The final shared key cannot be determined by any subset of all the participants except the universal set and each party makes an equal contribution to the final key. In addition, security analysis and efficiency analysis show that our protocol can effectively resist common attacks and has feasible efficiency.

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The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research on Precision PCR Instrument Model and Its Application in Genetic Engineering (Grant No. 62172330), and the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. LJC202007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054, People’s Republic of China

    Yuguang Xu

  2. Software College, Shenyang Normal University, No.253, HuangHe Bei Street, HuangGu District, Shenyang, 110034, People’s Republic of China

    Chaonan Wang, Kefan Cheng & Hongfeng Zhu

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  1. Yuguang Xu
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  2. Chaonan Wang
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  4. Hongfeng Zhu
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Correspondence to Hongfeng Zhu.

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Xu, Y., Wang, C., Cheng, K. et al. A Novel Three-Party Mutual Authentication Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with GHZ States. Int J Theor Phys 61, 245 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05220-9

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