Abstract
This paper concerns the studies of temperature and frequency behavior of the complex impedance, electric modulus, and electric conductivity due to an ionic current in liquid γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and γ-valerolactone (GVL). The frequency of the applied electric stimulus (500 Hz to 5 MHz) corresponds to the static dielectric regime of the lactones. The studies were performed in the temperature range of 263 K to 313 K. It was shown that in the static dielectric case, the dc ionic conductivity (σ DC) and the static dielectric permittivity \({(\varepsilon_{\rm s})}\) determine the relaxational behavior of the impedance (Z*) and the electric modulus (M*) of the molecular liquids and both spectra are of the Debye-type characterized by the same conductivity relaxation time (τ σ ). Both σ DC and τ σ of GBL and GVL fairly well fulfill an Arrhenius temperature dependence with very similar values of the thermal activation energy \({{\rm E}_{\sigma_{\rm DC}} \approx {\rm E}_{\tau_\sigma} \approx 25 \,{\rm kJ} \, . \, {\rm mol}^{-1}}\) . The temperature dependence of the static dielectric permittivity and its temperature derivative is analyzed and interpreted in terms of the dipolar aggregation in the studied lactones.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Doble M., Kruthiventi A.N.: Green Chemistry & Engineering. Academic Press, Oxford (2007)
DeSimone J.M.: Science 297, 799 (2002)
Nelson W.M.: Green Solvents for Chemistry: Perspectives and Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)
Horrvath I.T., Mehdi H., Fabos V., Boda L., Mika L.T.: Green Chem. 10, 238 (2008)
Zhu Y.-L., Xiang H.-W., Wu G.-S., Bai L., Li Y.-W.: Chem. Commun. 3, 254 (2002)
Herrmann U., Eming G.: Chem. Eng. Technol. 21, 285 (1998)
Banker G.S.: J. Pharm. Sci. 55, 81 (1966)
A. Chagnes, C. Mialkowski, B. Carre, D. Lemordant, V. Agafonov, P. Willmann, J. Phys. IV France 11, 27 (2001) [Pr10, XXVII JEEP, Journees d’Etude des Equilibres entre Phases]
Chagnes A., Allouchi H., Carre B., Odou G., Willmann P., Lemordant D.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 33, 589 (2003)
Chagnes A., Carre B., Willmann P., Lemordant D.: J. Power Sour. 109, 203 (2002)
Masia M., Rey R.: J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 17992 (2004)
Huang J.-J., Liu X.-J., Kang X.-L., Yu Z.-X., Xu T.-T., Qui W.-H.: J. Power Sour. 189, 458 (2009)
Barsoukov E., Macdonald J.R.: Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory Experiment and Applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, London (2005)
Macedo P.B., Moynihan C.T., Bose R.: Phys. Chem. Glasses 13, 171 (1972)
Moynihan C.T.: Solid State Ion. 105, 175 (1998)
Petrovsky V., Manohar A., Dogan F.: J. Appl. Phys. 100, 014102 (2006)
Köhler M., Lunkenheimer P., Loidl A.: Eur. Phys. J. E 27, 115 (2008)
Sheoran A., Sanghi S., Rani S., Agarwal A., Seth V.P.: J. Alloys Comp. 475, 804 (2009)
Belattar J., Graça M.P.F., Costa L.C., Achour M.E., Brosseau C.: J. Appl. Phys. 107, 124111 (2010)
Deb B., Ghosh A.: J. Appl. Phys. 108, 074104 (2010)
Roling B., Happe A., Funke K., Ingram M.D.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2160 (1997)
Sidebottom D.L, Roling B., Funke K.: Phys. Rev. B 63, 024301 (2000)
Hodge I.M., Ingram M.D., West R.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 74, 125 (1976)
Aparicio S., Alcalde R.: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 6455 (2009)
Debye P.: Polar Molecules. Chemical Catalog Co., New York (1929)
Hodge I.M., Ngai K.L., Moynihan C.T.: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 104 (2005)
Macdonald J.R.: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 70, 546 (2009)
McCrum N.G., Read B.E., Williams G.: Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymeric Solids. Dover, New York (1991)
Świergiel J., Jadżyn J.: J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 14225 (2009)
Świergiel J., Jadżyn J.: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 3911 (2011)
Fornefeld-Schwarz U.M., Svejda P.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 44, 597 (1999)
Moumouzias G., Ritzoulis G.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 44, 1273 (1999)
Steiner P.A., Gordy W.: J. Mol. Spectrosc. 21, 291 (1996)
Bakshi M.S., Singh J., Kaur H., Ahmad S.T., Kaur G.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 41, 1459 (1996)
Jellema R., Bulthuis J., van der Zwan G.: J. Mol. Liq. 73-74, 179 (1997)
Fröhlich H.: Theory of Dielectrics, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1958)
Jadżyn J., Sokolowska G., Déjardin J: J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 9050 (2008)
Jadżyn J., Sokolowska G., Czechowski G.: J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 7022 (2008)
Jadżyn J., Czechowski G., Déjardin J.: J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 4948 (2008)
Jadżyn J., Czechowski G.: Opto-Electron. Rev. 16, 395 (2008)
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Świergiel, J., Jadżyn, J. Temperature Behavior of Electric Relaxational Effects due to Ionic Conductivity in Liquid Lactones. Int J Thermophys 33, 783–794 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-012-1189-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-012-1189-x