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Thermal Conductivity of Standard Sands. Part I. Dry-State Conditions

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Abstract

A comprehensive thermal conductivity (λ) database of three dry standard sands (Ottawa C-109, Ottawa C-190, and Toyoura) was developed using a transient line heat source technique. The database contains λ data representing a variety of soil compactions and temperatures (T) ranging from 25 °C to 70 °C. The tested standard sands, due to their repeatable physical characteristics, can be used as reference materials for validation of thermal probes applied to similar dry granular materials. The measured data show an increasing trend of thermal conductivity at dryness (λdry) against T in spite of declining quartz λ with T. The air content (porosity) controls the λ of dry sands by acting as a very effective thermal insulator around solid soil particles. As a result, a diminutive increase of λdry with T is driven by increasing λ of air. The experimental λ data of dry sands were exceptionally well predicted by de Vries and Woodside–Messmer models, and also by a thermal conductance model, a product of λ of solids and the thermal conductance factor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Engineering, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, B3H 3C3, Canada

    Vlodek R. Tarnawski & T. Momose

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada

    W. H. Leong

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy

    G. Bovesecchi & P. Coppa

Authors
  1. Vlodek R. Tarnawski
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  2. T. Momose
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  3. W. H. Leong
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  4. G. Bovesecchi
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  5. P. Coppa
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Correspondence to Vlodek R. Tarnawski.

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Tarnawski, V.R., Momose, T., Leong, W.H. et al. Thermal Conductivity of Standard Sands. Part I. Dry-State Conditions. Int J Thermophys 30, 949–968 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-009-0596-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-009-0596-0

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