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Habitat use of Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in an Industrial Forestry Plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

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Abstract

Many primates now live in anthropogenic landscapes dominated by human activity such as agriculture. Conserving primates in such contexts requires detailed information about habitat use, including landscape features that may influence population viability. We studied Northeast Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) habitat use in a forestry plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We conducted camera trapping and nest surveys at 13 locations across three habitat types in the plantation (planted acacia stands, planted eucalyptus stands, and secondary forest patches left uncut or allowed to regenerate) September 2012–March 2013, and calculated four measures of orangutan abundance for each location (independent photo captures/100 camera trap days, or RAI2; nest encounter rate; nest density; and orangutan density). Orangutans are relatively common in the plantation; they used all three habitat types and exhibited a higher RAI2 than 70% of other mammal species detected. A logistic regression found that proximity to natural forest areas best predicted orangutan abundance calculated using camera trap data (RAI2) but that habitat type combined with distance to natural forest best predicted orangutan abundance calculated using nest counts. This suggests that orangutans use planted areas for movement and feeding, but rely on patches of natural forest for resting and access to key resources. Our study and others indicate that orangutans can coexist with some human activities if provided with sufficient access to natural forest. However, we must conduct further research to facilitate effective conservation planning, including gathering additional details about habitat and resource use and possible long-term population impacts.

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Acknowledgments

We are very thankful to the management of PT Surya Hutani Jaya, PT Sumalindo Hutani Jaya, and Sinar Mas Forestry Group, especially Robert Siagian, Rudi Sasgo, Supriyono Suparman, and Supriyatno, for facilitating and supporting our research in the plantation. We are also grateful to the State Ministry of Research and Technology of Indonesia for granting us permission to conduct research in Indonesia. We thank Hendra Masrun, Nur Komari, Sugihono Hanggito, Slamet Rohmadi, and Ari Meididit of the Center for the Study of Tropical Ecology and Conservation (Ecositrop) for assistance with data collection and general support; Kara Norby, Katherine Scott, and Nicola Thurley for their assistance with data collection; and Junaedi Samsudin and Paul Mathewson for their work on GIS and remote sensing and statistical analyses. We also thank Erik Meijaard and Marc Ancrenaz for essential support, advise, and comments, and three anonymous reviewers and the editors of this Special Issue for comments and feedback that greatly improved this article. We are very grateful to the Arcus Foundation, UW Oshkosh, and Ecositrop for providing funding to support this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA

    Stephanie N. Spehar

  2. Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS8811, Brunei Darussalam

    Stephanie N. Spehar

  3. School of Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation Laboratory, Forestry Faculty of Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia

    Yaya Rayadin

  4. Ecology and Conservation Center for Tropical Studies (Ecositrop), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75118, Indonesia

    Yaya Rayadin

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S. Spehar declares no conflict of interest. Y. Rayadin has consultedwith companies in the Kutai Landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia to support orangutan conservation in multi-functional landscapes, including in the forestry plantations of PT Surya Hutani Jaya (SRH) and PT Sumalindo Hutani Jaya (SHJ). These companies have no financial interests in this study and had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Spehar, S.N., Rayadin, Y. Habitat use of Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in an Industrial Forestry Plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int J Primatol 38, 358–384 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9959-8

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