Abstract
This study explores secondary mathematics teachers’ attention to the three components of Jaworski’s (1992) “teaching triad” (i.e., mathematical challenge, learning management, and sensitivity to students) as they planned a lesson revolving around a rich mathematics problem and assessed pre-designed student solutions for that problem. Written work was gathered from 17 cohorts. Qualitative analysis generated categories. Quantitative analysis revealed that some components of the teaching triad were attended to in both activities, some were not attended to in either activity, and some were attended to in one activity but not in the other. Findings are interpreted in light of theory.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler, J. (2000). Social practice theory and mathematics teacher education: A conversation between theory and practice. Nordic Mathematics Education Journal, 8(3), 31–53.
Attention. (2017). Merriam-Webster's dictionary. Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/attention.
Ayalon, M. (2019). Exploring change in teachers' attention to potential teaching situations of argumentation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 85, 190–203.
Ayalon, M., & Even, R. (2016). Factors shaping students’ opportunities to engage in classroom argumentative activity. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 14, 575–601.
Ayalon, M., & Hershkowitz, R. (2018). Mathematics teachers' attention to potential classroom situations ofargumentation. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 49, 163–173.
Ayalon, M., & Wilkie, K. (2020). Developing assessment literacy through approximations of practice: Exploring secondary mathematics pre-service teachers developing criteria for a rich quadratics task. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.103011.
Ball, D. L., & Bass, H. (2003). Making mathematics reasonable in school. In J. Kilpatrick, W. Martin, & D. Schifter (Eds.), A research companion to the principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 27–44). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Ball, D. L., & Cohen, D. K. (1999). Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. In G. Sykes & L. Darling-Hammond (Eds.), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 3–32). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Ball, D., & Forzani, F. (2011). Building a common core for learning to teach and connecting professional learning to practice. American Educator, 35(2), 17–21 38–39.
Berliner, D. C. (2001). Learning about and learning from expert teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 35, 463–482.
Biza, I., Nardi, E., & Joel, G. (2015). Balancing classroom management with mathematical learning: Using practice-based task design in mathematics teacher education. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 17(2), 182–198.
Biza, I., Nardi, E., & Zhachariades, T. (2007). Using tasks to explore teacher knowledge in situation-specific contexts. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 10, 301–309.
Boesen, J., Lithner, J. & Palm, T. (2018). Assessing mathematical competencies: An analysis of Swedish national mathematics tests. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(1), 109–124.
Borko, H., Jacobs, J. K., Eiteljorg, E., & Pittman, M. E. (2008). Video as a tool for fostering productive discussions in mathematics professional development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(2), 417–436.
Borko, H., Koellner, K., Jacobs, J., & Seago, N. (2011). Using video representations of teaching in practice-based professional development programs. ZDM, 43(1), 175–187.
Borko, H., & Livingston, C. (1989). Cognition and improvisation: Differences in mathematics instruction by expert and novice teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 26, 473–498.
Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSI). (2020). Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. Retrieved from http://www.corestandards.org/Math/
Crespo, S. (2000). Seeing more than right and wrong answers: Prospective teachers’ interpretations of students’ mathematical work. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 3, 155–181.
Empson, S. B., & Jacobs, V. R. (2008). Learning to listen to children’s mathematics. In D. Tirosh & T. Wood (Eds.), International handbook of mathematics teacher education, Vol. II: Tools and processes in mathematics teacher education (pp. 257–281). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Evans, S., & Swan, M. (2014). Developing students’ strategies for problem solving. Educational Designer, 2(7). Available from: http://www.educationaldesigner.org/ed/volume2/issue7/article25/.
Even, R. (1990). Subject matter knowledge for teaching and the case of functions. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 21, 521–544.
Franke, M. L., Carpenter, T. P., Levi, L., & Fennema, E. (2001). Capturing teachers’ generative change: A follow up study of professional development in mathematics. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 653–689.
Grossman, P., Hammerness, K., & McDonald, M. (2009). Redefining teaching, re-imagining teacher education. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 15, 273–289.
Hufferd-Ackles, K., Fuson, K. C., & Sherin, M. G. (2014). Describing levels and components of a math-talk learning community. In E. A. Silver & P. A. Kenney (Eds.), More lessons learned from research (Vol. 1, pp. 125–134). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Jacobs, V., Lamb, L., & Philipp, R. (2010). Professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 41(2), 169–202.
Jaworski, B. (1992). Mathematics teaching: What is it? For the Learning of Mathematics, 12(1), 8–14.
Kazemi, E., & Franke, M. L. (2004). Teacher learning in mathematics: Using student work to promote collective inquiry. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 7, 203–235.
Kazemi, E., Gibbons, L. K., Lomax, K., & Franke, M. L. (2016). Listening to and learning from student thinking. Teaching Children Mathematics, 23(3), 182–190.
Kazemi, E., & Stipek, D. (2001). Promoting conceptual thinking in four upper-elementary mathematics classrooms. Elementary School Journal, 102, 59–80.
Levin, D. M., Hammer, D., & Coffey, J. E. (2009). Novice teachers’ attention to student thinking. Journal of Teacher Education, 60(2), 142–154.
Magiera, M., van der Kieboom, L., & Moyer, J. (2013). An exploratory study of pre-service middle school teachers’ knowledge of algebraic thinking. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 84(1), 93–113.
Mason, J. (1998). Enabling teachers to be real teachers: Necessary levels of awareness and structure of attention. Journal of Mathematics Teachers Education, 1(3), 243–267.
Mason, J. (2008). Being mathematical with & in front of learners: attention, awareness, and attitude as sources of differences between teacher educators, teachers & learners. In T. Wood (Series Ed.) & B. Jaworski (Vol. Ed.), International handbook of mathematics teacher education: The mathematics teacher educator as a developing professional (Vol. 4, pp. 31–56). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Mason, J. (2011). Noticing: Roots and branches. In M. G. Sherin, V. R. Jacobs, & R. A. Philipp (Eds.), Mathematics teacher noticing: Seeing through teachers’ eyes (pp. 35–50). New York, NY: Routledge.
Miller, K. F. (2011). Situation awareness in teaching: What educators can learn from video-based research in other fields. In M. G. Sherin, V. R. Jacobs, & R. A. Philipp (Eds.), Mathematics teacher noticing: Seeing through teachers' eyes (pp. 51–65). New York, NY: Routledge.
Ministry of Education. (2009). Mathematics curriculum for grades 7–9. Retrieved from http://meyda.education.gov.il/files/Tochniyot_Limudim/Math/Hatab/Mavo.doc (in Hebrew).
Mitchell, R. N., & Ariemma-Marin, K. (2015). Examining the use of a structured analysis framework to support prospective teacher noticing. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 18(6), 551–575.
Naftaliev, E. (2018). Prospective teachers’ interactions with interactive diagrams: Semiotic tools, challenges and well-trodden paths. In Fan, L., Trouche, L., Qi, C., Rezat, S. & Visnovska, J. (Eds), Research on Mathematics Textbooks and Teachers’ Resources: Advances and Issues (pp. 297–314). Berlin: Springer.
Naftaliev, E., & Yerushalmy, M. (2015). Guiding student instruction with an interactive diagram: The case of equations. In N. Amado, & S. Carreira (Eds.), The Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Technology in Mathematics Teaching – ICTMT 12 (pp. 226–234). Faro, Portugal: University of Algarve.
Paparistodemou, E., Potari, D., & Pitta-Pantazi, D. (2014). Prospective teachers’ attention on geometrical tasks. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 86(1), 1–18.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Peterson, B. E., & Leatham, K. R. (2009). Learning to use students’ mathematical thinking to orchestrate a class discussion. In L. Knott (Ed.), The role of mathematics discourse in producing leaders of discourse (pp. 99–128). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Potari, D., & Jaworski, B. (2002). Tackling complexity in mathematics teaaching development: Using the teaching triad as a tool for reflection and analysis. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 5(4), 351–380.
Remillard, J. T., & Geist, P. K. (2002). Supporting teachers’ professional learning by navigating openings in the curriculum. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 5(1), 7–34.
Sánchez-Matamoros, G., Fernández, C., & Llinares, S. (2014). Developing pre-service teachers’ noticing of students’ understanding of the derivative concept. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13(6), 1305–1329.
Schwartz, J., & Kenney, J. (2008). Task and rubrics for balanced assessment in primary and elementary grades. Corwin: Sage Publshing.
Schwartz, J., Kenney, J., Kelly, K., Sienkiewicz, T., Sivan, Y., Steinbok, V., & Yerushalmy, M. (1995). Assessing mathematical understanding and skills effectively. Massachusetts: President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (2007). Problem solving in the United States, 1970–2008: Research and theory, practice and politics. ZDM Mathematics Education, 39, 537–551.
Seidel, T., Stürmer, K., Blomberg, G., Kobarg, M., & Schwindt, K. (2011). Teacher learning from analysis of videotaped classroom situations: Does it make a difference whether teachers observe their own teaching or that of others? Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(2), 259–267.
Sherin, M. (2002). A balancing act: Developing a discourse community in a mathematics classroom. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 5, 205–233.
Sherin, M. G., & van Es, E. A. (2005). Using video to support teachers’ ability to interpret classroom interactions. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 13, 475–491.
Silver, E. A., Ghousseini, H., Gosen, D., Charalambous, C., & Font Strawhun, B. T. (2005). Moving from rhetoric to praxis: Issues faced by teachers in having students consider multiple solutions for problems in the mathematics classroom. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 24(3–4), 287–301.
Star, J. R., & Strickland, S. K. (2008). Learning to observe: Using video to improve preservice mathematics teachers’ ability to notice. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 11(2), 107–125.
Stein, M. K., Engle, R., Smith, M., & Hughes, E. (2008). Orchestrating productive mathematical discussions: Five practices for helping teachers move beyond show and tell. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 10, 313–340.
Stockero, S. L., & Van Zoest, L. R. (2013). Characterizing pivotal teaching moments in beginning mathematics teachers’ practice. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 16(2), 125–147.
Sun, J., & van Es, E. A. (2015). An exploratory study of the influence that analyzing teaching has on preservice teachers’ classroom practice. Journal of Teacher Education, 66(3), 201–214.
van Es, E. A., & Sherin, M. G. (2002). Learning to notice: Scaffolding new teachers’ interpretations of classroom interactions. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 10(4), 571–596.
Van Es, E. A., & Sherin, M. G. (2008). Mathematics teachers’ “learning to notice” in the context of a video club. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(2), 244–276.
Wickens, C. D., & Alexander, A. L. (2009). Attentional tunneling and task management in synthetic vision displays. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 19(2), 182–199.
Yerushalmy, M., & Chazan, D. (2002). Flux in school algebra: Curricular change, graphing technology, and research on student learning and teacher knowledge. In L. English et al. (Eds.), Handbook of international research in mathematics education (pp. 725–756). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix: Instructions for the planning activity
Appendix: Instructions for the planning activity
Write a hypothetical plan for implementing the functions problem in class.
-
i
List your teaching goals. Explain in detail.
-
j
Write full answers, as you would expect to receive from your students.
-
k
What difficulties do you think students might expect to encounter?
-
l
Imagine you have carried out the task in your classroom:
-
How will you verify that the teaching objectives you have proposed in section I have been achieved? To answer this question, prepare a list of important criteria that you will use to assess student performance.
-
Suggest another mathematics task that will enable you to see whether your teaching goals have been achieved.
-
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ayalon, M., Naftaliev, E., Levenson, E.S. et al. Prospective and In-Service Mathematics Teachers’ Attention to a Rich Mathematics Task While Planning its Implementation in the Classroom. Int J of Sci and Math Educ 19, 1695–1716 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-020-10134-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-020-10134-1