Abstract
Research studies have found that mathematics teachers face challenges when designing technology-integrated lessons to support mathematical inquiry with authentic problems. This suggests that teachers need to develop technological pedagogical knowledge (TPACK) or their professional knowledge for technology integration. Drawing upon the concept of TPACK, this study defines teachers’ professional knowledge for mathematics technology integration as technological pedagogical mathematical knowledge (TPMK) and examines the different kinds of TPMK that are needed to support the design of technology-integrated lessons for mathematical inquiry with authentic problems. Using content analysis, the design talk of three mathematics teachers designing a series of technology-integrated lessons to teach the concept of average through the inquiry of authentic problems was examined to articulate their associated TPMK. Thematic analysis was then used to derive five pathways used by the teachers to create the TPMK for mathematical inquiry with authentic problems throughout the design meetings that the teachers held across 2 months. These pathways articulate the process of teachers’ pedagogical decision-making as they create TPMK. The implications of these findings for future development of teacher knowledge for technology-supported mathematics inquiry are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angeli, C., & Valanides, N. (2009). Epistemological and methodological issues for the conceptualization, development, and assessment of ICT-TPCK: Advances in technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK). Computers & Education, 52(1), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.07.006.
Borko, H., & Putnam, T. (1996). Learning to teach. In D. C. Berliner & R. C. Clafee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 673–708). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Boschman, F., McKenney, S., & Voogt, J. (2015). Exploring teachers’ use of TPACK in design talk: The collaborative design of technology-rich early literacy activities. Computers & Education, 82, 250–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.010.
Bowers, J. S., & Stephens, B. (2011). Using technology to explore mathematical relationships: A framework for orienting mathematics courses for prospective teachers. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 14, 285–304.
Bu, L., & Haciomeroglu, E. S. (2010). Sliders in dynamic mathematics learning environments: Their pedagogical roles. Mathematics and Computer Education, 44(3), 213–221.
Chapman, O. (2012). Challenges in mathematics teacher education. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 15, 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-012-9223-2.
Cox, S., & Graham, C. R. (2009). Diagramming TPACK in practice: Using and elaborated model of the TPACK framework to analyze and depict teacher knowledge. TechTrends, 53(5), 60–69.
Dawson, K., Ritzhaupt, A., Liu, F., Rodriguez, P., & Frey, C. (2013). Using TPCK as a lens to study the practices of math and science teachers involved in a year-long technology integration initiative. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 32(4), 395–422.
Depaepe, F., Verschaffel, L., & Kelchtermans, G. (2013). Pedagogical content knowledge: A systematic review of the way in which the concept has pervaded mathematics educational research. Teaching and Teacher Education, 34, 12–25.
Ertmer, P. A. (1999). Addressing first and second-order barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration. Educational Technology Research & Development, 47(4), 47–61.
Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59(2), 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.02.001.
Fuglestad, A. B. (2011). Challenges teachers face with integrating ICT with an inquiry approach in mathematics. Paper presented at the The Seventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, University of Rzeszów, Poland.
Graham, C. R. (2011). Theoretical considerations for understanding technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Computers & Education, 57(3), 1953–1960.
Grandgenett, N. F. (2008). Perhaps a matter of imagination: TPCK in mathematics education. In AACTE Committee on Innovation and Technology (Ed.), Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators (pp. 145–166). New York, NY: Routledge.
Grandgenett, N., Harris, J., & Hofer, M. (2011). Mathematics learning activity types. Retrieved from College of William and Mary, School of Education, Learning Activity Types Wiki: http://activitytypes.wm.edu/MathLearningATs-Feb2011.pdf
Grossman, P. L., & Lynn, P. (1990). The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Guerrero, S. (2010). Technological pedagogical content knowledge in the mathematics classroom. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 26(4), 132–139.
Harris, J., Phillips, M., Koehler, M., & Rosenberg, J. (2017). TPCK/TPACK research and development: Past, present, and future directions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(3), i–viii. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.3907.
Hoadley, C., & Cox, C. (2009). What is design knowledge and how do we teach it. In C. DiGiano, S. Goldman, & M. Chorost (Eds.), Educating learning technology designers: Guiding and inspiring creators of innovative educational tools (pp. 19–35). New York, NY: Routledge.
Howland, J. L., Jonassen, D., & Marra, R. M. (2013). Meaningful learning with technology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Higher Education.
Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Yahya, K. (2007). Tracing the development of teacher knowledge in a design seminar: Integrating content, pedagogy and technology. Computers & Education, 49(3), 740–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2005.11.012.
Koh, J. H. L., & Chai, C. S. (2016). Seven design frames that teachers use when considering technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Computers & Education, 102, 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.09.003
Koh, J. H. L., Chai, C. S., Wong, B., Hong, H. Y. (2015). Design thinking and in-service teachers. In J. H. L. Koh, C. S. Chai, B. Wong, & H.-Y. Hong (Eds.), Design thinking for education (pp. 87–107). Singapore: Springer.
Lim, W. P., Ang, P. L., & Koh, J. H. L. (2016). Developing teachers’ technological pedagogical mathematics knowledge (TPMK) to build students’ capacity to think and communicate in mathematics classrooms. In C. S. Chai, C. P. Lim, & C. M. Tan (Eds.), Future learning in primary schools - a Singapore perspective (pp. 129–146). Singapore: Springer.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers’ College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054.
Mokros, J., & Russell, S. J. (1995). Children’s concepts of average and representativeness. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 26, 20–39.
Niess, M. L., Ronau, R. N., Shafer, K. G., Driskell, S. O., Harper, S. R., Johnston, C., . . . Kersaint, G. (2009). Mathematics teacher TPACK standards and development model. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 4–24.
Özgün-Koca, S. A., Meagher, M., & Edwards, M. T. (2010). Preservice teachers’ emerging TPACK in a technology-rich methods class. The Mathematics Educator, 19(2), 10–20.
Polly, D., McGee, J. R., & Martin, C. S. (2010). Employing technology-rich mathematical tasks to develop teachers’ technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 29(4), 455–472.
Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2003). Data management and analysis methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (2nd ed., pp. 259–309). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc..
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.
Stack, S., Watson, J., Hindley, S., Samson, P., & Devlin, R. (2010). What’s average? The Australian Mathematics Teacher, 66(3), 7–15.
Strauss, S., & Bichler, E. (1988). The development of children’s concepts of the arithmetic average. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 19, 64–80.
Thompson, A., & Mishra, P. (2007). Breaking news: TPCK becomes TPACK! Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 24(2), 38–64.
Tyminski, A. M., Haltiwanger, L., Zambak, V. S., Horton, R., & Hedetniemi, T. (2013). Developing inquiry practices in middle grades mathematics teachers: Examining the introduction of technology. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 13(4), 325–359.
Watson, J., Chick, H., & Callingham, R. (2014). Average: The juxtaposition of procedure and context. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 26(3), 477–502.
Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
Acknowledgements
This paper is based on data collected in research project Developing teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge for 21st Century Learning (TPACK-21CL) Through Design Thinking (OER5/13/KHL), funded by the Education Research Funding Programme, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclaimer
The views expressed in this paper are the authors’ and do not necessarily represent the views of NIE.
Additional information
Joyce completed this research work during her tenure as an Associate Professor at the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. She is currently an Associate Professor at the Higher Education Development Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koh, J.H.L. Articulating Teachers’ Creation of Technological Pedagogical Mathematical Knowledge (TPMK) for Supporting Mathematical Inquiry with Authentic Problems. Int J of Sci and Math Educ 17, 1195–1212 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-018-9914-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-018-9914-y