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Regional Impact of Mining Activity During Colonial Times in the Highlands of Southern Bolivia

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Abstract

The Lípez Altiplano is an arid and cold highland desert, where population density was always low and there was no urbanization. Pre-Hispanic, the regional distribution of the population was related to the environment: the majority was concentrated where quinoa agriculture was possible. Following the Spanish conquest, however, mining activity allowed an unprecedented demographic development in those highlands. In this study, I analyze the consequences of mining activities on demography and socio-economic activities in Lípez, before, during and after the apogee of its most important colonial mine, San Antonio del Nuevo Mundo.

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Acknowledgments

I gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the Alexander von Humboldt and the Guggenheim Foundations that made my research in different archives and libraries possible. I am also indebted to Alistair Paterson and Amalia Nuevo Delaunay for the opportunity of participating in the session “Historical Challenges for Desert Peoples: towards the comparative study of responses to intrusions and ecological change.”

ABNB, archivo y biblioteca nacional de bolivia (Sucre, Bolivia); AGI, archivo general de indias (Sevilla, Spain); AGN, archivo general de la nación (Buenos Aires, Argentina), AHP, Archivo histórico de potosí (Potosí, Bolivia); TNC, Tribunal nacional de cuentas (in ABNB, Sucre, Bolivia).

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Correspondence to Raquel Gil Montero.

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Gil Montero, R. Regional Impact of Mining Activity During Colonial Times in the Highlands of Southern Bolivia. Int J Histor Archaeol 21, 280–294 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-016-0385-y

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