Abstract
In light of the widespread recognition of the enduring challenge of enhancing the learning of all students—including a growing number of students representing diverse racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds—there has been an explosion of literature on teaching, learning, and assessment in higher education. Notwithstanding scores of promising new ideas, individual faculty in higher education need a dynamic and inclusive model to help them engage in a systematic and continuous process of exploring and testing various teaching and assessment practices to ensure the learning of their students. This paper introduces a model—Teaching-for-Learning (TFL)—developed to meet this need.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, M. B. (1999). In progress: Reports of new approaches in medical education. Academic Medicine, 74, 561–618.
Angelo, T. A., & Cross, K. P. (1993). Classroom assessment techniques: A handbook for college teachers (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Ash, S. L., & Clayton, P. H. (2004). The articulated learning: An approach to guided reflection and assessment. Innovative Higher Education, 29, 137–154.
Barell, J. (1995). Teaching for thoughtfulness: Classroom strategies to enhance intellectual development (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
Barr, R. B., & Tagg, J. (1995). From teaching to learning: A new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change, 27(6), 13–25.
Bastick, T. (2001, August). Relationships between in-course alignment indicators and post-course criteria of quality teaching and learning in higher education. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the European Association for Research in Learning and Instruction, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Beaman, R. (1998). The unquiet...even loud, andragogy! Alternative assessment for adult learners. Innovative Higher Education, 23, 47–59.
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York, NY: David McKay.
Boyer, E. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Brew, A. (2003). Teaching and research: New relationships and their implications for inquiry-based teaching and learning in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 22, 3–18.
Cabedo-Timmons, G. (2002). Teaching Spanish subject matters to college students in the USA. Macomb, IL: Western Illinois University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service no. ED468881)
Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (1999). The teacher research movement: A decade later. Educational Researcher, 28, 15–25.
Colbeck, C. L., Cabrera, A. F., & Terenzini, P. T. (2000). Learning professional confidence: Linking teaching practices, students’ self-perceptions, and gender. The Review of Higher Education, 24, 173–191.
Collins, A., & Spiegel, S. A. (1995). So you want to do action research? Retrieved October 29, 2004, from Eisenhower National Clearinghouse (ENC) website: http://www.enc.org/professional/learn/research/journal/science/document.shtm?input=ENC-002432-2432.
Cornesky, R. (1993). The quality professor: Implementing TQM in the classroom. Madison, WI: Magna Publications.
Cross, K. P. (1996). Classroom research: Implementing the scholarship of teaching. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 60, 402–407.
Cross, K. P. (1999). What do we know about students’ learning, and how do we know it? Innovative Higher Education, 23, 255–270.
Cross, K. P., & Steadman, M. H. (1996). Classroom research: Implementing the scholarship of teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Diamond, R. M. (1998). Designing and assessing courses and curricula: A practical guide. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. (2001). The systematic design of instruction. New York, NY: Longman.
Fairweather, J. S. (2005). Beyond the rhetoric: Trends in the relative value of teaching and research in faculty salaries. Journal of Higher Education, 76, 401–422.
Glassick, C., Huber, M. T., & Maeroff, G. I. (1997). Scholarship assessed: A special report on faculty evaluation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Handelsman, J., Ebert-May, D., Beichner, R., Bruns, P., Chang, A., DeHaan, R., et al. (2004). Scientific teaching. Science, 304, 521–522.
Hansen, E. J. (1998). Creating teachable moments...and making them last. Innovative Higher Education, 23, 7–26.
Harter, S. (2006). The challenge of framing a problem: What is your burning question? In C. F. Conrad & R. Serlin (Eds.), The SAGE handbook on research in education: Engaging ideas and enriching inquiry (pp. 331–348). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Huba, M. E., & Freed, J. E. (2000). Learner-centered assessment on college campuses. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Huber, M. T. (2005). Balancing acts: The scholarship of teaching and learning in academic careers. Washington, DC: The American Association for Higher Education and The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Huber, M., & Hutchings, P. (2005). The advancement of learning: Building the teaching commons. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Huber, M. T., & Morreale, S. (2002). Disciplinary styles in the scholarship of teaching and learning: Exploring common ground. Washington, DC: The American Association for Higher Education and The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Hutchings, P. (Ed.) (2000). Opening lines: Approaches to the scholarship of teaching and learning. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Hutchings, P. (2002). Ethics of inquiry: Issues in the scholarship of teaching and learning. Menlo Park, CA: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Hutchings, P., & Shulman, L. E. (1999). The scholarship of teaching: New elaborations, new developments. Change, 31(5), 10–15.
Jenkins, A., Breen, R., Lindsay, R., & Brew, A. (2002). Re-shaping higher education: Linking teaching and research. London, England: Kogan Page.
Johnson, M. C., & Malinowski, J. C. (2001). Navigating the active learning swamp: Creating an inviting environment for learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 31, 172–177.
Jones, E. A. (2002). Myths about assessing the impact of problem-based learning on students. Journal of General Education, 51, 326–334.
Justice, C., Rice, J., Warry, W., Inglis, S., Miller, S., & Sammon, S. (2007). Inquiry in higher education: Reflections and directions on course design and teaching methods. Innovative Higher Education, 31, 201–214.
Kirk, R. E. (2002, August). Teaching introductory statistics: Some things I have learned. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41, 212–218.
Lattuca, L. R., Voigt, L. J., & Fath, K. Q. (2004). Does interdisciplinarity promote learning? Theoretical support and researchable questions. Review of Higher Education, 28, 23–48.
Lewthwaite, B. J., & Dunham, H. P. (1999, February). Enriching teaching scholarship through learning styles. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, Washington, DC.
Marion, R., & Zeichner, K. (2001). Practitioner resource guide for action research. Oxford, OH: National Staff Development Council. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service no. ED472207)
McCann, L. I., Perlman, B., & De Both, T. L. (2001). Instructor evaluations of introductory psychology teaching techniques. Teaching of Psychology, 28, 274–276.
McDaniel, E. A., & Colarulli, G. C. (1997). Collaborative teaching in the face of productivity concerns: The dispersed team model. Innovative Higher Education, 22, 19–36.
Myers, C. B., & Myers, S. M. (2007). Assessing assessment: The effects of two exam formats on course achievement and evaluation. Innovative Higher Education, 31, 227–236.
Nilson, L. B. (2003). Teaching at its best: A research-based resource for college instructors. Boston, MA: Anker.
Palaskas, T. A. (2002). Model for selecting technology mediated teaching strategies. Educational Technology, 42(6), 49–54
Palmer, P. J. (1990). Good teaching: A matter of living the mystery. Change, 22(1), 11–16. January.
Palmer, P. J. (1998). The courage to teach: Exploring the inner landscape of a teacher’s life. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Quarstein, V. A., & Peterson, P. A. (2001). Assessment of cooperative learning: A goal-criterion approach. Innovative Higher Education, 26, 59–77.
Rogers, G., Finley, D., & Kline, T. (2001). Understanding individual differences in university undergraduates: A learner needs segmentation approach. Innovative Higher Education, 25, 183–196.
Savin-Baden, M. (2000). Problem-based learning in higher education: Untold stories. London, England: Society for Research into Higher Education.
Scovic, S. P. (1983, April). What are “alternative learning approaches” and do they work? Paper presented at the National School Boards Association Convention, San Francisco, CA.
Shulman, L. S. (1998). Course anatomy: The dissection and analysis of knowledge through teaching. In P. Hutchings (Ed.), The course portfolio: How instructors can examine their teaching to advance practice and improve student learning (pp. 5–12). Washington, DC: American Association for Higher Education.
Smith, R. A. (2001). Formative evaluation and the scholarship of teaching and learning. In C. Knapper & P. Cranton (Eds.), Fresh approaches to the evaluation of teaching (pp. 51–62). New directions for teaching and learning, vol. 88. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Wright, M. (2005). Always at odds? Congruence in faculty beliefs about teaching at a research university. Journal of Higher Education, 76, 331–353.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Clifton F. Conrad
received his bachelor’s degree in History and his master’s degree in Political Science from the University of Kansas and his Ph.D. in Higher Education from the University of Michigan. He is Professor of Higher Education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and his research focus is on college and university curricula with particular emphases on program quality, liberal education, and teaching and learning.
Jason Johnson
received his bachelor’s degree in Comparative History of Ideas and his master’s degree in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at the University of Washington. He is nearing completion of his Ph.D. and working as a Teaching Assistant in Higher Education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and his research focuses on rhetoric in higher education.
Divya Malik Gupta
received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Human Development and Family Studies from Maharaja Sayajirao University in Gujarat, India. She is currently a Ph.D. student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Conrad, C.F., Johnson, J. & Gupta, D.M. Teaching-for-Learning (TFL): A Model for Faculty to Advance Student Learning. Innov High Educ 32, 153–165 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-007-9045-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-007-9045-9