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Blooms of toxic Raphidiopsis raciborskii in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay): environmental drivers and impacts

  • ECOLOGY OF SHALLOW LAKES
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Abstract

Laguna del Sauce is a eutrophic shallow lake and the second drinking water source in Uruguay. This ecosystem suffers recurrent blooms of potentially toxic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, mostly during summertime. Here we analyze environmental drivers and potential impacts of blooms of the toxic cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii in Laguna del Sauce from 2003 to 2020, and assess its effects on governance and biomonitoring. We registered three blooms of R. raciborskii, in 2004, 2015, and 2020, the last two expressed saxitoxin (lack of toxicity information for 2004). The 2015 bloom occurred in autumn, reaching an absolute biovolume of 104 mm3 l−1, and had high saxitoxin concentrations (up to 9.8 μg l−1) which continued to be detected even after the bloom collapsed. This was the first saxitoxin register in this ecosystem and drastically affected the drinking water supply. After this massive bloom, a monitoring program was established which continues up to date. The 2020 bloom also occurred in autumn and lasted until winter; it was of lower magnitude (up to 6.3 mm3 l−1) and had lower saxitoxin concentration (up to 0.9 μg l−1) compared to the 2015 bloom. Blooms of R. raciborskii were associated with a combination of persistent low water level, low water color, and high water transparency, conditions that rarely coincide in this ecosystem. Hence, the programs which started after the 2015 bloom, allowed better characterizing the environmental drivers of R. raciborskii blooms in Laguna del Sauce. Furthermore, these implied adapting the ecosystem management and water treatment strategies, and strengthening of academia—stakeholders’ interactions.

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Acknowledgements

This contribution is the result of multiple research projects financed by the CSIC-Udelar and the ANII, as well as agreements between the CURE- Udelar and public institutions such as OSE-UGD, OSE and the Ministry of the Environment. In the article, contributions have been incorporated in two projects in full development: Process of construction of the integrated management of water resources in Uruguay, status of situation and controversies financed by the Global Water Partnership (GWP); Transforming water governance in South America: from reaction to adaptation and anticipation funded by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) SGP-HW 056; Bases for the design of a national water resources monitoring system from the perspective of virtual basins (FSDA 1 2018 1 154610). LGM and PL were supported by postgraduate grants from ANII and CSIC-Udelar, respectively. NM is a member of the National System of Researchers (ANII).

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  1. Ecología y Rehabilitación de Sistemas Acuáticos, Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, CURE-UdelaR, Maldonado, Uruguay

    Lucía González-Madina, Paula Levrini, Maite Burwood, Juan Pablo Pacheco, Claudia Fosalba & Néstor Mazzeo

  2. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Paula de Tezanos Pinto

  3. Modelización y Análisis de Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay

    Carolina Crisci & Andrea Cardozo

  4. Laboratorio OSE-UGD, Maldonado, Uruguay

    Juan José Lagomarsino & Gustavo Méndez

  5. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Juan Pablo Pacheco

  6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Juan Pablo Pacheco

  7. Instituto SARAS, Maldonado, Uruguay

    Lydia Garrido & Néstor Mazzeo

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  1. Lucía González-Madina
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González-Madina, L., Levrini, P., de Tezanos Pinto, P. et al. Blooms of toxic Raphidiopsis raciborskii in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay): environmental drivers and impacts. Hydrobiologia 849, 4041–4058 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04783-8

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