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First detection of the crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci in South America: a high potential risk to native crayfish

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Abstract

The crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, is a fungal-like organism (Oomycetes), specialized in parasitizing freshwater crayfish species. Crayfish plague is a disease that has caused losses of indigenous crayfish populations, especially in Europe. The pathogen chronically infects North American endemic crayfish, such as Procambarus clarkii, which is considered an invasive species in several continents, including South America. Using molecular tools, quantitative PCR, and conventional PCR, we detected this pathogen in feral P. clarkii populations established in southeastern Brazil. This is an alarming result because in South America, especially in Brazil, there is considerable endemic crayfish species diversity, especially in the genus Parastacus. Possible contacts between P. clarkii and the endemic crayfish could be seen as a major threat to the native crayfish, mainly because of the possibility of A. astaci transmission. Furthermore, our results indicate preliminary evidence of possible A. astaci infection, agent level A2, in two sympatric native species, namely Parastacus defossus and Parastacus pilimanus. In this study, we provide the first overview concerning the presence of the crayfish plague pathogen, A. astaci, in South America.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by CAPES/COFECUB (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasília/Brazil), Process: 737/12 and a Post-doctoral Fellowship was granted to DFP, Process: BEX 4586/13-1. The research was also supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil) granted to DFP, Process: 462715/2014-0, MCTI/CNPQ/Universal. PBA also thanks CNPq for her Research Fellowship. This study was also funded by the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) and by the University of Poitiers, France. The LIFE+ CrayMate Project (LIFE12 INF/FI/233) also provided financial support. We are very grateful to: Tainã Gonçalves Loureiro for all her help during sampling, as well as other information regarding P. clarkii in Brazil; Sérgio Luiz de Siqueira Bueno (Laboratório de Carcinologia do Departamento de Zoologia from the University of São Paulo-USP) for all the logistic support when sampling in the State of São Paulo, Brazil and Marcelo M. Dalosto and Sandro Santos (Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática from the Federal University of Santa Maria) for performing the crayfish matches in the laboratory. We would also like to thank Lenka Filipová for her suggestions and all members of the Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France, especially to Joanne Bertaux, Freddie-Jeanne Richard, Yves Caubet and Pierre Greve. We would also like to thank Julian Reynolds and Jane G. Coury for the English revision. Special thanks to Luciana Silva Corrêa Mendes (Ferrel, Portugal) for her hospitality; John Havel (Editor), Adam Petrusek, and the anonymous reviewer for the careful review and suggestions. All experiments conducted in this study complied with current applicable state and federal laws of Brazil and France.

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  1. Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose. 5, rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France

    Douglas Fernando Peiró, Carine Delaunay, Didier Bouchon & Catherine Souty-Grosset

  2. Laboratório de Biologia Aquática-Crustáceos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Araraquara, Rua Carlos Gomes 1338, Araraquara, SP, 14801-340, Brazil

    Douglas Fernando Peiró

  3. Laboratório de Carcinologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV, prédio 43435, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Douglas Fernando Peiró, Mauricio P. Almerão & Paula B. Araujo

  4. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Japo Jussila & Jenny Makkonen

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  1. Douglas Fernando Peiró
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  2. Mauricio P. Almerão
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  3. Carine Delaunay
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  4. Japo Jussila
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Peiró, D.F., Almerão, M.P., Delaunay, C. et al. First detection of the crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci in South America: a high potential risk to native crayfish. Hydrobiologia 781, 181–190 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2841-4

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