Skip to main content
Log in

Medication adherence in heart failure

  • Published:
Heart Failure Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Non-adherence with medical regimens in heart failure is a significant challenge and serves as a major reason that favorable outcomes associated with various therapies evaluated in clinical trials have not translated to the so-called real-world setting. Non-adherence has complex influences and is clearly associated with poorer outcomes. The approaches that are used or have been proposed to improve drug-taking behavior, such as in-hospital initiation of therapy, simplification of dosing regimens through adoption of combination and long-acting formulations, and improvements in provider–patient communication, are reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Heart Association (2007) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 update. American Heart Association, Dallas, Tex

  2. SOLVD Investigators (1991) Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD investigators. N Engl J Med 325:293–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Consensus Trial Study Group (1987) Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. results of the cooperative north scandinavian enalapril survival study (consensus). The consensus trial study group. N Engl J Med 316:1429–1435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Garg R, Yusuf S (1995) Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Collaborative group on ace inhibitor trials. JAMA 273:1450–1456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jong P, Demers C, Mckelvie RS, Liu PP (2002) Angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:463–470

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, Wedel H, Waagstein F, Kjekshus J et al (2000) Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA 283:1295–1302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees (1999) The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (Cibis-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 353:9–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, Colucci WS, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM et al (1996) The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. US carvedilol heart failure study group. N Engl J Med 334:1349–1355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P et al (2001) Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 344:1651–1658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. CAPRICORN Investigators (2001) Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the capricorn randomised trial. Lancet 357:1385–1390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A et al (1999) The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. randomized aldactone evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 341:709–717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B et al (2003) Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 348:1309–1321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, Carson P, D’Agostino R Jr, Ferdinand K et al (2004) Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. N Engl J Med 351:2049–2057

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Krumholz HM, Baker DW, Ashton CM, Dunbar SB, Friesinger GC, Havranek EP et al (2000) Evaluating quality of care for patients with heart failure. Circulation 101:E122–E140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, Wolfe P, Gross CP, Rathore SS, Steiner JF et al (2003) Most hospitalized older persons do not meet the enrollment criteria for clinical trials in heart failure. Am Heart J 146:250–257

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Yancy CW (2004) Heart failure therapy in special populations: the same or different? Rev Cardiovasc Med 5(Suppl 1):S28–S35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Galvao M, Kalman J, Demarco T, Fonarow GC, Galvin C, Ghali JK et al (2006) Gender differences in in-hospital management and outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure: analysis from the acute decompensated heart failure national registry (ADHERE). J Card Fail 12:100–107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Butler J, Arbogast PG, Daugherty J, Jain Mk, Ray WA, Griffin MR (2004) Outpatient utilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors among heart failure patients after hospital discharge. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:2036–2043

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Gattis WA, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg B et al (2004) Organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure (OPTIMIZE-HF): rationale and design. Am Heart J 148:43–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Simpson RJ Jr (2006) Challenges for improving medication adherence. JAMA 296:2614–2616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Massie BM (2005) Aspirin use in chronic heart failure: what should we recommend to the practitioner? J Am Coll Cardiol 46:963–966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Amabile CM, Spencer Ap (2004) Keeping your patient with heart failure safe: a review of potentially dangerous medications. Arch Intern Med 164:709–720

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Guazzi M, Brambilla R, Reina G, Tumminello G, Guazzi MD (2003) Aspirin-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor coadministration and mortality in patients with heart failure: a dose-related adverse effect of aspirin. Arch Intern Med 163:1574–1579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Slordal L, Spigset O (2006) Heart failure induced by non-cardiac drugs. Drug Saf 29:567–586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Leventhal MJ, Riegel B, Carlson B, De GS (2005) Negotiating compliance in heart failure: remaining issues and questions. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 4:298–307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Skrepnek GH, Abarca J, Malone DC, Armstrong EP, Shirazi FM, Woosley RL (2005) Incremental effects of concurrent pharmacotherapeutic regimens for heart failure on hospitalizations and costs. Ann Pharmacother 39:1785–1791

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hope CJ, Wu J, Tu W, Young J, Murray MD (2004) Association of medication adherence, knowledge, and skills with emergency department visits by adults 50 years or older with congestive heart failure. Am J Health Syst Pharm 61:2043–2049

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tilson HH (2004) Adherence or compliance? Changes in terminology. Ann Pharmacother 38:161–162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Osterberg L, Blaschke T (2005) Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med 353:487–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Stromberg A (2005) The crucial role of patient education in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 7:363–369

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Van Der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger Van NJ, Gilst Van WH, Veldhuisen DJ (2006) Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs. Eur Heart J 27:434–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Caetano PA, Lam JM, Morgan SG (2006) Toward a standard definition and measurement of persistence with drug therapy: examples from research on statin and antihypertensive utilization. Clin Ther 28:1411–1424, Discussion 1410

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Chui MA, Deer M, Bennett SJ, Tu W, Oury S, Brater DC et al (2003) Association between adherence to diuretic therapy and health care utilization in patients with heart failure. Pharmacotherapy 23:326–332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C (2001) A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther 23:1296–1310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wetzels GE, Nelemans P, Schouten JS, Prins MH (2004) Facts and fiction of poor compliance as a cause of inadequate blood pressure control: a systematic review. J Hypertens 22:1849–1855

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tu W, Morris AB, Li J, Wu J, Young J, Brater DC et al (2005) Association between adherence measurements of metoprolol and health care utilization in older patients with heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 77:189–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Waeber B (2004) What has been learned from electronic monitoring of compliance with antihypertensive medications? J Hypertens 22:1857–1858

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Andrejak M, Genes N, Vaur L, Poncelet P, Clerson P, Carre A (2000) Electronic pill-boxes in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment compliance: comparison of once daily versus twice daily regimen. Am J Hypertens 13:184–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Straka RJ, Fish JT, Benson SR, Suh JT (1997) Patient self-reporting of compliance does not correspond with electronic monitoring: an evaluation using isosorbide dinitrate as a model drug. Pharmacotherapy 17:126–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kardas P (2004) Comparison of once daily versus twice daily oral nitrates in stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 94:213–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dunbar-Jacob J, Bohachick P, Mortimer MK, Sereika SM, Foley SM (2003) Medication adherence in persons with cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs 18:209–218

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kramer JM, Hammill B, Anstrom KJ, Fetterolf D, Snyder R, Charde JP et al (2006) National evaluation of adherence to beta-blocker therapy for 1 year after acute myocardial infarction in patients with commercial health insurance. Am Heart J 152:454–458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Urquhart J (2004) Pharmionics: research on what patients do with prescription drugs. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 13:587–590

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Reid KJ, Peterson ED, Magid DJ et al (2006) Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 166:1842–1847

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Masoudi FA, Baillie CA, Wang Y, Bradford WD, Steiner JF, Havranek EP et al (2005) The complexity and cost of drug regimens of older patients hospitalized with heart failure in the United States, 1998–2001. Arch Intern Med 165:2069–2076

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Soumerai SB, Pierre-Jacques M, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D, Adams AS, Gurwitz J et al (2006) Cost-related medication nonadherence among elderly and disabled medicare beneficiaries: a national survey 1 year before the medicare drug benefit. Arch Intern Med 166:1829–1835

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lee DS, Tu JV, Juurlink DN, Alter DA, Ko DT, Austin PC et al (2005) Risk-treatment mismatch in the pharmacotherapy of heart failure. JAMA 294:1240–1247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Spencer FA, Meyer TE, Gore JM, Goldberg RJ (2002) Heterogeneity in the management and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure: the national registry of myocardial infarction. Circulation 105:2605–2610

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gattis WA, O’Connor CM, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M (2004) Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: results of the initiation management predischarge: process for assessment of carvedilol therapy in heart failure (IMPACT-HF) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1534–1541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Lee JK, Grace KA, Taylor AJ (2006) Effect of a pharmacy care program on medication adherence and persistence, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 296:2563–2571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Phillips CO, Singa RM, Rubin HR, Jaarsma T (2005) Complexity of program and clinical outcomes of heart failure disease management incorporating specialist nurse-led heart failure clinics. A meta-regression analysis. Eur J Heart Fail 7:333–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Anderson C, Deepak BV Amoateng-Adjepong Y, Zarich S (2005) Benefits of comprehensive inpatient education and discharge planning combined with outpatient support in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Congest Heart Fail 11:315–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C, Leven CL, Freedland KE, Carney RM (1995) A multidisciplinary intervention to prevent the readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 333:1190–1195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Spertus JA, Dewhurst T, Dougherty CM, Nichol P (2001) Testing the effectiveness of converting patients to long-acting antianginal medications: the quality of life in angina research trial (QUART). Am Heart J 141:550–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Combination pharmacotherapy and public health research working group (2005) Combination pharmacotherapy for cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 143:593–599

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE, Mcgill JB, Messerli FH, Phillips RA et al (2004) Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:2227–2236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Roccaforte R, Demers C, Baldassarre F, Teo KK, Yusuf S (2005) Effectiveness of comprehensive disease management programmes in improving clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. A meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail 7:1133–1144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Tarn DM, Heritage J, Paterniti DA, Hays RD, Kravitz RL, Wenger NS (2006) Physician communication when prescribing new medications. Arch Intern Med 166:1855–1862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Bokhour BG, Berlowitz DR, Long JA, Kressin NR (2006) How do providers assess antihypertensive medication adherence in medical encounters? J Gen Intern Med 21:577–583

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kosiborod M, Lichtman JH, Heidenreich PA, Normand SL, Wang Y, Brass LM et al (2006) National trends in outcomes among elderly patients with heart failure. Am J Med 119(7):616–617

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Massie BM, Shah NB (1997) Evolving trends in the epidemiologic factors of heart failure: rationale for preventive strategies and comprehensive disease management. Am Heart J 133:703–712

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Vinson JM, Rich MW, Sperry JC, Shah AS, McNamara T (1990) Early readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Geriatr Soc 38:1290–1295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kravitz RL, Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, Dimatteo MR, Rogers WH, Ordway L et al (1993) Recall of recommendations and adherence to advice among patients with chronic medical conditions. Arch Intern Med 153:1869–1878

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Abraham WT, Hayes DL (2003) Cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure. Circulation 108:2596–2603

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Wolbrette DL, Naccarelli GV (2001) Management of implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: role of predischarge electrophysiologic testing and proper patient instruction before hospital discharge. Curr Opin Cardiol 16:72–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Gronefeld G, Kleine P, Israel CW, Hohnloser SH (2002) “Twiddler syndrome” in a subpectorally implanted cardioverter defibrillator. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13:94

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Kramer JM, Fetterolf D, Charde JP, Snyder R, Checkman D, Delong E et al (2004) National evaluation of long-term adherence to beta-blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in patients with commercial health insurance. presented at: American College of Cardiology (2004) annual meeting; March 9, 2004; New Orleans, La. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:415A–416A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Eagle KA, Kline-Rogers E, Goodman SG, Gurfinkel EP, Avezum A, Flather MD et al (2004) Adherence to evidence-based therapies after discharge for acute coronary syndromes: an ongoing prospective, observational study. Am J Med 117:73–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Jackevicius CA, Mamdani M, Tu JV (2002) Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 288:462–467

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Chapman RH, Benner JS, Petrilla AA, Tierce JC, Collins SR, Battleman DS et al (2005) Predictors of adherence with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. Arch Intern Med 165:1147–1152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Mena-Martin FJ, Martin-Escudero JC, Simal-Blanco F, Carretero-Ares JL, Arzua-Mouronte D, Herreros-Fernandez V (2003) Health-related quality of life of subjects with known and unknown hypertension: results from the population-based hortega study. J Hypertens 21:1283–1289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Mallion JM, Baguet JP, Siche JP, Tremel F, De GR (1998) Compliance, electronic monitoring and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens Suppl 16(1):S75–S79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA (2003) Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988–2000. JAMA 290:199–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Cheng JW, Kalis MM, Feifer S (2001) Patient-reported adherence to guidelines of the Sixth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Pharmacotherapy 21:828–841

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Rogers WJ, Johnstone DE, Yusuf S, Weiner DH, Gallagher P, Bittner VA, Ahn S, Schron E, Shumaker SA, Sheffield LT (1994) Quality of life among 5,025 patients with left ventricular dysfunction randomized between placebo and enalapril: the studies of left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 23:393–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Bohachick P, Burke LE, Sereika S, Murali S, Dunbar-Jacob J (2002) Adherence to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy for heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 17:160–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Horwitz RI, Viscoli CM, Berkman L, Donaldson RM, Horwitz SM, Murray CJ et al (1990) Treatment adherence and risk of death after a myocardial infarction. Lancet 336:542–545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Blackburn DF, Dobson RT, Blackburn JL, Wilson TW (2005) Cardiovascular morbidity associated with nonadherence to statin therapy. Pharmacotherapy 25:1035–1043

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Rasmussen JN, Chong A, Alter DA (2007) Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 297:177–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. O’Connor PJ (2006) Improving medication adherence: challenges for physicians, payers, and policy makers. Arch Intern Med 166:1802–1804

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Fonarow GC, Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT (2004) Importance of in-hospital initiation of evidence-based medical therapies for heart failure-a review. Am J Cardiol 94:1155–1160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH et al (2007) Carvedilol use at discharge in patients hospitalized for heart failure is associated with improved survival: an analysis from organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Am Heart J 153:82–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Krum H, Roecker EB, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Coats AJ et al (2003) Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: results from the copernicus study. JAMA 289:712–718

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Schillinger D, Wang F, Rodriguez M, Bindman A, Machtinger EL (2006) The importance of establishing regimen concordance in preventing medication errors in anticoagulant care. J Health Commun 11:555–567

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD, Burdick E, Demonaco HJ, Erickson JI et al (1999) Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit. JAMA 282:267–270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Lapointe NM, Jollis JG (2003) Medication errors in hospitalized cardiovascular patients. Arch Intern Med 163:1461–1466

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Vansuch M, Naessens JM, Stroebel RJ, Huddleston JM, Williams AR (2006) Effect of discharge instructions on readmission of hospitalised patients with heart failure: do all of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations heart failure core measures reflect better care? Qual Saf Health Care 15:414–417

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, et al (2007) Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAMA 297:61–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Wald NJ, Law MR (2003) A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ 326:1419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Reddy KS (2007) The preventive polypill-much promise, insufficient evidence. N Engl J Med 356:212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Iskedjian M, Einarson TR, Mackeigan LD, Shear N, Addis A, Mittmann N et al (2002) Relationship between daily dose frequency and adherence to antihypertensive pharmacotherapy: evidence from a meta-analysis. Clin Ther 24:302–316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Schroeder K, Fahey T, Ebrahim S (2004) How can we improve adherence to blood pressure-lowering medication in ambulatory care? systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 164:722–732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Giuffrida A, Torgerson DJ (1997) Should we pay the patient? review of financial incentives to enhance patient compliance. BMJ 315:703–707

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Albert NM (2006) Ring in the new year with care delivery based on pay-for-performance. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 21:55–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul J. Hauptman.

Additional information

Financial Disclosures (disease state, past 5 years, any amount): Paul J. Hauptman, MD, reported that he has received research grants from Abbott Laboratories, Novacardia, Acorn Cardiovascular, Orqis Medical, Novartis, Otsuka, GlaxoSmithKline, and the National Institutes of Health. He was on the Steering Committee of the CASPER Trial, which is designed to examine the impact of a once-daily formulation of carvedilol on compliance. He is/has been on the speaker’s bureau or has received honoraria in the past 5 years from GlaxoSmithKline, King Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, and Johnson & Johnson, and is or has been a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Otsuka, BioControl Medical, and Novacardia.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hauptman, P.J. Medication adherence in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 13, 99–106 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-007-9020-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-007-9020-7

Keywords

Navigation