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Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons

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Abstract

Adult neurogenesis is a characteristic feature of the olfactory pathways of decapod crustaceans. In crayfish and clawed lobsters, adult-born neurons are the progeny of precursor cells with glial characteristics located in a neurogenic niche on the ventral surface of the brain. The daughters of these precursor cells migrate during S and G2 stages of the cell cycle along glial fibers to lateral (cluster 10) and medial (cluster 9) proliferation zones. Here, they divide (M phase) producing offspring that differentiate into olfactory interneurons. The complete lineage of cells producing neurons in these animals, therefore, is arranged along the migratory stream according to cell cycle stage. We have exploited this model to examine the influence of environmental and endogenous factors on adult neurogenesis. We find that increased levels of serotonin upregulate neuronal production, as does maintaining animals in an enriched (versus deprived) environment or augmenting their diet with omega-3 fatty acids; increased levels of nitric oxide, on the other hand, decrease the rate of neurogenesis. The features of the neurogenic niche and migratory streams, and the fact that these continue to function in vitro, provide opportunities unavailable in other organisms to explore the sequence of cellular and molecular events leading to the production of new neurons in adult brains.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by NIH R01 MH67157, NSF IBN 0344448 and The Maren Foundation, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. We thank P. Carey and G. Quinan for technical assistance, E. Buchner and Y. Yasuda for kindly providing antibodies, and S. Allodi for discussions concerning the properties of decapod glia.

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  1. Jeremy M. Sullivan

    Present address: Neuroscience Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia

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  1. Neuroscience Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA

    Jeremy M. Sullivan, David C. Sandeman, Jeanne L. Benton & Barbara S. Beltz

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Sullivan, J.M., Sandeman, D.C., Benton, J.L. et al. Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons. J Mol Hist 38, 527–542 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-007-9112-7

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