Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Food and Beverage Policies and Public Health Ethics

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Health Care Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Government food and beverage policies can play an important role in promoting public health. Few people would question this assumption. Difficult questions can arise, however, when policymakers, public health officials, citizens, and businesses deliberate about food and beverage policies, because competing values may be at stake, such as public health, individual autonomy, personal responsibility, economic prosperity, and fairness. An ethically justified policy strikes a reasonable among competing values by meeting the following criteria: (1) the policy serves important social goal(s); (2) the policy is likely to be effective at achieving those goal(s); (3) less burdensome options are not likely to be effective at achieving the goals; (4) the policy is fair.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Babor, T. (2010). Alcohol: No ordinary commodity (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Bayer, R., & Fairchild, A. (2004). The genesis of public health ethics. Bioethics, 18, 473–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Buchanan, A., & Brock, D. (1990). Deciding for others. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Buchanan, D. (2008). Autonomy, paternalism, and justice: Ethical priorities in public health. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 15–21.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012a). Overview of measles disease. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/overview.html. Accessed: July 4, 2013.

  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). CDC estimates of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013a). Adult obesity facts. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html. Accessed: July 3, 2013.

  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013b). Heart disease risk factors. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/risk_factors.htm. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  9. Childress, J., Faden, R., Gaare, R., Gostin, L. O., Kahn, J., Bonnie, R. J., et al. (2002). Public health ethics: Mapping the terrain. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30, 170–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Coutinho, R. A. (2000). Needle exchange, pragmatism, and moralism. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1387–1388.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ferrey, S. (2013). Environmental Law (6th ed.). New York: Wolters Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fletcher, J., Frisvold, D., & Tefft, N. (2010). Can soft drink taxes reduce population weight? Contemporary Economic Policy, 28, 23–35.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Food and Drug Administration. (2009). Inspection guides. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/Inspections/InspectionGuides/. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  14. Food and Drug Administration. (2010). Overview of food ingredients, additives, and colors. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm094211.htm. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  15. Food and Drug Administration. (2013a). Food and color additives. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/scienceresearch/fieldscience/ucm172545.htm#10_2_2_4. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  16. Food and Drug Administration. (2013b). Labeling and nutrition. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/default.htm. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  17. Fortin, N. (2009). Food regulation. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gostin, L. (2005). Jacobson v Massachusetts at 100 years: Police power and civil liberties in tension. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 576–581.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gostin, L. (2007). General justifications for public health regulation. Public Health, 121, 829–834.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gostin, L. (2007). Law as a tool to facilitate healthier lifestyles and prevent obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 297, 87–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Grynbaum, MM. (2013). Judge blocks New York city’s limits on big sugary drinks. The New York Times, March 11, 2013: A1.

  22. Health Resources and Services Administration. (2013). National vaccine injury compensation program. Available at: http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/index.html. Accessed: April 8, 2013.

  23. Kass, N. (2001). An ethics framework for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1776–1782.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lichtenstein, A. (2012). New York City trans fat ban: Improving the default option when purchasing foods prepared outside of the home. Annals of Internal Medicine, 157, 144–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Mariner, W., & Annas, G. (2013). Limiting “sugary drinks” to reduce obesity—who decides? New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 1763–1765.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mello, M. M., Rimm, E. B., & Studdert, D. M. (2003). The McLawsuit: The fast-food industry and legal accountability for obesity. Health Affairs (Millwood), 22(6), 207–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Michon, K. (2013). Lawsuits involving food poisoning: Nolo legal topics. Available at: http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/lawsuits-involving-food-poisoning-29673.html. Accessed: April 8, 2013.

  28. Mozaffarian, D., Jacobson, M. F., & Greenstein, J. S. (2010). Food reformulations to reduce trans fatty acids. New England Journal of Medicine, 362, 2037–2039.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pike, E. R. (2012). Recovering from research: A nofault proposal to compensate injured research participants. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 38, 7–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Selgelid, M. (2004). Bioterrorism and smallpox planning: Information and voluntary vaccination. Journal of Medical Ethics, 30, 558–560.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Siegel, B.E. 2012. Bloomberg vs. big soda: Portion size, paternalism, and politics. The Huffington Post, June 1, 2012. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bettina-elias-siegel/nyc-mike-bloomberg-soda-ban_b_1560967.html. Accessed: July 3, 2013.

  32. Steenhuis, I. H., & Vermeer, W. M. (2009). Portion size: Review and framework for practices. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6, 58.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Story, M., Nanney, M. S., & Schwartz, M. B. (2009). Schools and obesity prevention: Creating school environments and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Milbank Quarterly, 87, 71–100.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. The Economist. (2012). Danish government rescinds its unwieldy fat tax. The Economist, November 12, 2012. Available at: http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21566664-danish-government-rescinds-its-unwieldy-fat-tax-fat-chance. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  35. Turnock, W. J. (2011). Public health. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Turoldo, F. (2009). Responsibility as an ethical framework for public health practices. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1197–1202.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2013a). Food safety and inspection service. Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/. Accessed: April 3, 2013.

  38. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2013b). USDA MyPlate & food pyramid resources. Available at: http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary-guidance/myplatefood-pyramid-resources/usda-myplate-food-pyramid-resources. Accessed: July 5, 2013.

  39. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2013c). Smart snacks in school. Available at: http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/governance/legislation/allfoods.htm. Accessed: July 5, 2013.

  40. Wald, J. (2003). McDonalds’ obesity lawsuit tossed. CNN Money, February 13, 2003. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2003/01/22/news/companies/mcdonalds/. Accessed: April 8, 2013.

  41. World Health Organization. (2013). Public health. Available at: http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/. Accessed: July 3, 2013.

Download references

Acknowledgments

This article is the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, the statements, opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the United States government.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David B. Resnik.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Resnik, D.B. Food and Beverage Policies and Public Health Ethics. Health Care Anal 23, 122–133 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-013-0266-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-013-0266-z

Keywords

Navigation