Abstract
Environmental cues are major determinants in commercial cultivation of leafy vegetables, especially for resource-limited farmers. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of seed priming with smoke water and karrikin-1 (KAR1) on germination of Brassica napus cv. English giant seeds exposed to varying environmental conditions (including heat and osmotic stress). Several germination indices (GIs, final germination percentage, mean germination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, GI and germination rate index) were measured in four replications of 25 seeds each. KAR1 and smoke water-treated seeds absorbed the most amount of water after 1 h of imbibition compared to non-primed seeds. Brassica napus seeds germinated over a wide temperature range (10 °C to 35 °C). Priming seeds with KAR1 and smoke water extended the germination range (above 50% germination) to 40 °C and mitigated detrimental effects of the resultant heat stress. Overall, constant dark condition promoted better germination than both constant light and alternating light/dark conditions. Smoke water and KAR1 treatments significantly enhanced germination (Fisher’s test, P < 0.05) under constant light and alternating light/dark conditions. Both biostimulant treatments caused a significant increase in seedling vigor (P < 0.001) compared to the control as measured by shoot length, root length, seedling mass and root-to-shoot length ratio of B. napus seedlings. There were significant interaction effects (P < 0.001) of biostimulant and photoperiod on shoot length, root length and root-to-shoot length ratio. Taken together, smoke water and KAR1 treatments improved germination and seedling vigor of B. napus seeds exposed to varying environmental conditions.
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Acknowledgements
The National Research Foundation of South Africa supported this work under Grant UID: 129179 (MM) and Grant UID: 114065 (SOA). We are grateful to Ms Liesl Morey (ARC-Biometry Unit) for assistance with the statistical analysis.
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The National Research Foundation of South Africa supported this work under Grant UID: 129179 (MM) and Grant UID: 114065 (SOA).
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Moyo, M., Amoo, S.O. & Van Staden, J. Seed priming with smoke water and karrikin improves germination and seedling vigor of Brassica napus under varying environmental conditions. Plant Growth Regul 97, 315–326 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00821-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00821-0