Abstract
Plants suffer from oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) and energy starvation under flooding conditions. Higher plants have evolved complex adaptive mechanisms to flooding that are induced by changes in the cellular redox state and phytohormones. Previously, we showed that the transcript levels of respiratory burst oxidase homolog I (AtRBOH I) in Arabidopsis increase under hypoxic stress. In this study, we used two independent Atrboh I-knockout lines to assess the molecular function of AtRBOH I in hypoxic signaling pathways. Under submergence conditions, the Atrboh I-knockout lines had a reduced survival rate and lower chlorophyll contents than those of wild type. The patterns of AtRBOH I expression were analyzed by fusing its promoter to the GUS reporter. These expression analyses indicated that AtRBOH I expression was activated by hypoxia, but this induction was reduced by the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of hypoxia-inducible genes (AtHRE1, AtADH1, AtLDH, and AtSUS1) were reduced in AtRBOH I-knockout lines under hypoxic conditions. The transcript levels of AtSUS1 were lower in AtRBOH I-knockout lines than in wild type in the hypoxia combined with NPA treatment. Hypoxic conditions increased the transcript levels of the auxin-responsive genes At1g19840, At3g23030, and At5g19140, and hypoxia combined with NPA resulted in increased transcript levels of the ethylene biosynthetic genes AtACS7 and AtACS8. Together, these results show that AtRBOH I regulates the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and down-stream of hypoxia signaling, and that there is some interplay between hypoxia signaling and auxin-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic stress.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Chang-Hsien Yang (Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan) for providing the pEpyon-01K vector for construction of GUS transgenic plants.
Author Contributions
The work presented here was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Dr. JTCT and Dr. C-YY collaboration defined the research theme. Dr. C-YY designed experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. I-SL, Y-SW, C-TC and G-HC carried out the experiments and analyzed the data. G-YJ and S-GH help the Arabidopsis transformation and GUS analysis.
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10725_2017_292_MOESM2_ESM.jpg
Sup. Fig. 1 Molecular analyses of rboh I-knockout lines. (A) Schematic of rbohd-ko-831 (salk_031831) and rbohd-ko-627 (salk_027627C) T-DNA insertion sites. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR analyses; mRNA levels of RBOH I in roots of 14-d-old wild type and two rboh I-knockout lines, rbohd-ko-831 and rbohd-ko-627, were determined by quantitative RT-PCR after 0 and 9 h of hypoxia treatment. Relative transcript levels were calculated and normalized to that of ACTIN mRNA. Values represent means ± standard deviation from three biologically independent experiments (n = 3). Asterisk indicates significant difference from wild type (P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s t-test) (JPG 75 KB)
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Lin, IS., Wu, YS., Chen, CT. et al. AtRBOH I confers submergence tolerance and is involved in auxin-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic stress. Plant Growth Regul 83, 277–285 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0292-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0292-1