Abstract
Aechmea fasciata belongs to the Bromeliaceae. In cultivation of bromeliads, flower-induction by ethylene and the derivative has been one item of conventional technology. Flower-induction of bromeliads by ethylene is age-dependent: adult plants bloom but juvenile plants not. To study age-dependent flower transition induced by ethylene in bromeliads, we treated juvenile and adult plants with ethrel, then constructed two transcriptomes using short read sequencing technology (Illumina). 52,396,972 sequencing raw reads totaling 4.72 Gbp of the juvenile plant sample and 52,560,902 sequencing raw reads totaling 4.73 Gbp of the adult plant sample were assembled de novo into 71,445 unique sequences (i.e. All-Unigene) with a mean length of 461 bp and a total assembly size of 47.9 Mbp. Of all, 35,483 unigenes had significant hits with sequences in the Nr database, 24,409 showed significant similarities to known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database. 13,585 and 18,747 unigenes had significant similarity to existing sequences in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and cluster of orthologous group (COG) databases, respectively. Between two transcriptomes, we found 10,036 differentially expressed genes. Among them, we identified and analyzed 60 gene fragments related to ethylene signaling pathway and flowering process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achard P, Baghour M, Chapple A, Hedden P, Van Der Straeten D, Genschik P, Moritz T, Harberd NP (2007) The plant stress hormone ethylene controls floral transition via DELLA-dependent regulation of floral meristem-identity genes. PNAS 104(15):6484–6489
Adamczyk BJ, Lehti-Shiu MD, Fernandez DE (2007) The MADS domain factors AGL15 and AGL18 act redundantly as repressors of the floral transition in Arabidopsis. Plant J 50(6):1007–1019
An F, Zhao Q, Ji Y, Li W, Jiang Z, Yu X, Zhang C, Han Y, He W, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ecker J, Guo H (2010) Ethylene-induced stabilization of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-LIKE1 is mediated by proteasomal degradation of EIN3 binding F-box 1 and 2 that requires EIN2 in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 22:2384–2401
Aukerman MJ, Sakai H (2003) Regulation of flowering time and floral organ identity by a microRNA and its APETALA2-like target genes. Plant Cell 15:2730–2741
Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Hackl H, Charoentong P, Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Fridman WH, Pages F, Trajanoski Z, Galon J (2009) ClueGO: a Cytoscape plug-into decipher functionally grouped gene ontology and pathway annotation networks. Bioinformatics 25:1091–1093
Blazquez MA, Weigel D (2000) Integration of floral inductive signals in Arabidopsis. Nature 404:889–892
Bleecker AB, Estelle MA, Somerville C, Kende H (1988) Insensitivity to ethylene conferred by a dominant mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 241:1086–1089
Boss PK, Bastow RM, Mylne JS, Dean C (2004) Multiple pathways in the decision to flower: enabling, promoting, and resetting. Plant Cell 16:S18–S31
Boutrot F, Segonzac C, Chang KN, Qiao H, Ecker JR, Zipfel C, Rathjen JP (2010) Direct transcriptional control of the Arabidopsis immune receptor FLS2 by the ethylene-dependent transcription factors EIN3 and EIL1. PNAS 107:14502–14507
Chen X (2004) A microRNA as a translational repressor of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis flower development. Science 303:2022–2025
Chen H, Li X, Satya C, Hugo G, Huiqiong L, Haitao C, Run C, Jianru Z, Xiaoyan T, Xin L, Hongwei G, Jian-Min Z (2009) ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 repress SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 expression to negatively regulate plant innate immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 21:2527–2540
Conesa A, Götz S, García-Gómez JM, Terol J, Talón M, Robles M (2005) Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research. Bioinformatics 21(18):3674–3676
Farrona S, Coupland G, Turck F (2008) The impact of chromatin regulation on the floral transition. Semin Cell Dev Biol 19:560–573
Fornara F, de Montaigu A, Coupland G (2010) SnapShot: control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Cell 141:550
Hackett WP (1985) Juvenility, maturation, and rejuvenation in woody plants. Hortic Rev 7:109–155
Hua J, Meyerowitz EM (1998) Ethylene responses are negatively regulated by a receptor gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell 94:261–271
Hua J, Chang C, Sun Q, Meyerowitz EM (1995) Ethylene insensitivity conferred by Arabidopsis ERS gene. Science 269:1712–1714
Iseli C, Jongeneel CV, Bucher P (1999) ESTScan: a program for detecting, evaluating, and reconstructing potential coding regions in EST sequences. Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol 138–148
Kanehisa M, Araki M, Goto S, Hattori M, Hirakawa M, Itoh M, Katayama T, Kawashima S, Okuda S, Tokimatsu T, Yamanishi Y (2008) KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment. Nucleic Acids Res 36(Database issue):D480–D484
Kardailsky I, Shukla VK, Ahn JH, Dagenais N, Christensen SK, Nguyen JT, Chory J, Harrison MJ, Weigel D (1999) Activation tagging of the floral inducer FT. Science 286:1962–1965
Karim MR, Hirota A, Kwiatkowska D, Tasaka M, Aida M (2009) A role for Arabidopsis PUCHI in floral meristem identity and bract suppression. Plant Cell 21:1360–1372
Kobayashi Y, Kaya H, Goto K, Iwabuchi M, Araki T (1999) A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals. Science 286:1960–1962
Konishi M, Yanagisawa S (2008) Ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis involves feedback regulation via the elaborate control of EBF2 expression by EIN3. Plant J 55:821–831
Koornneef M, Hanhart CJ, van der Veen JH (1991) A genetic and physiological analysis of late flowering mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Gen Genet 229:57–66
Lauter N, Kampani A, Carlson S, Goebel M, Moose SP (2005) microRNA172 down-regulates glossy15 to promote vegetative phase change in maize. PNAS 102:9412–9417
Li R, Zhu H, Ruan J, Qian W, Fang X, Shi Z, Li Y, Li S, Shan G, Kristiansen K, Li S, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J (2009) De novo assembly of human genomes with massively parallel short read sequencing. Genome Res 20:265–272
Li H, Liang W, Hu Y, Zhu L, Yin C, Xu J, Dreni L, Kater MM, Zhang D (2011) Rice MADS6 interacts with the floral homeotic genes SUPERWOMAN1, MADS3, MADS58, MADS13, and DROOPING LEAF in specifying floral organ identities and meristem fate. Plant Cell 23(7):2536–2552
Mekers O, De Proft M, Jacobs L (1983) Prevention of unwanted flowering by growth regulating chemicals. Acta Horticulturae 137:217–223
Moon J, Suh SS, Lee H, Choi KR, Hong CB, Paek NC, Kim SG, Lee I (2003) The SOC1 MADS-box gene integrates vernalization and gibberellin signals for flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant J 35:613–623
Moon J, Lee H, Kim M, Lee I (2005) Analysis of flowering pathway integrators in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 46:292–299
Mortazavi A, Williams BA, McCue K, Schaeffer L, Wold B (2008) Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq. Nat Methods 5(7):621–628
Mozley D, Thomas B (1995) Developmental and photobiological factors affecting photoperiodic induction in Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh Landsberg erecta. J Exp Bot 46:173–179
Mutasa GE, Hedden P (2009) Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. J Exp Bot 60:1979–1989
Ohmori S, Kimizu M, Sugita M, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Uchida E, Nagato Y, Yoshida H (2009) MOSAIC FLORAL ORGANS1, an AGL6-like MADS box gene, regulates floral organ identity and meristem fate in rice. Plant Cell 21(10):3008–3025
Olmedo G, Guo H, Gregory BD, Nourizadeh SD, Aguilar-Henonin L, Li H, An F, Guzman P, Ecker JR (2006) ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE5 encodes a 5′/3′ exoribonuclease required for regulation of the EIN3-targeting F-box proteins EBF1/2. PNAS 103:13286–13293
Onouchi H, Igeno MI, Perilleux C, Graves K, Coupland G (2000) Mutagenesis of plants overexpressing CONSTANS demonstrates novel interactions among Arabidopsis flowering-time genes. Plant Cell 12:885–900
Potuschak T, Vansiri A, Binder BM, Lechner E, Vierstra RD, Genschik P (2006) The exoribonuclease XRN4 is a compo-nent of the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 18:3047–3057
Rijpkema AS, Zethof J, Gerats T, Vandenbussche M (2009) The petunia AGL6 gene has a SEPALLATA-like function in floral patterning. Plant J 60(1):1–9
Sakai H, Hua J, Chen QG, Chang C, Medrano LJ, Bleecker AB, Meyerowitz EM (1998) ETR2 is an ETR1-like gene involved in ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. PNAS 95:5812–5817
Samach A, Onouchi H, Gold SE, Ditta GS, Schwarz-Sommer Z, Yanofsky MF, Coupland G (2000) Distinct roles of CONSTANS target genes in reproductive development of Arabidopsis. Science 288:1613–1616
Turnbull CG, Sinclair ER, Anderson KL, Nissen RJ, Shorter AJ, Lanham TE (1999) Routes of ethephon uptake in pineapple (Ananas comosus) and reasons for failure of flower induction. J Plant Growth Regul 18(4):145–152
Voet-van-Vormizeele J, Groth G (2008) Ethylene controls autophosphorylation of the histidine kinase domain in ethylene receptor ETR1. Mol Plant 1:380–387
Wang JW, Czech B, Weigel D (2009a) miR156-regulated SPL transcription factors define an endogenous flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell 138:738–749
Wang RH, Farrona S, Vincent C, Joecker A, Schoof H, Turck F, Alonso-Blanco C, Coupland G, Albani MC (2009b) PEP1 regulates perennial flowering in Arabis alpina. Nature 459:423–427
Wang L, Feng Z, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang X (2010) DEGseq: an R package for identifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics 26:136–138
Wang RH, Maria CA, Coral V, Sara B, Ming L, Yan B, Christiane K, Rosa C, George C (2011) Aa TFL1 confers an age-dependent response to vernalization in perennial Arabis alpine. Plant Cell 23:1307–1321
Wu G, Poethig RS (2006) Temporal regulation of shoot development in Arabidopsis thaliana by miR156 and its target SPL3. Development 133:3539–3547
Wu G, Park MY, Conway SR, Wang JW, Weigel D, Poethig RS (2009) The sequential action of miR156 and miR172 regulates developmental timing in Arabidopsis. Cell 138:750–759
NCBI GenBank All Databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/gquery)
Yamaguchi A, Wu MF, Yang L, Wu G, Poethig RS, Wagner D (2009) The microRNA-regulated SBP-Box transcription factor SPL3 is a direct upstream activator of LEAFY, FRUITFULL, and APETALA1. Dev Cell 17:268–278
Yant L, Mathieu J, Thanh TD, Felix O, Christa L, Heike W, Chen X, Schmid M (2010) Orchestration of the floral transition and floral development in Arabidopsis by the bifunctional transcription factor APETALA2. Plant Cell 22:2156–2170
Ye J, Fang L, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li S, Li R, Bolund L, Wang J (2006) WEGO: a web tool for plotting GO annotations. Nucleic Acids Res 34(Web Server issue):W293–W297
Yuri T, Jose′ RB (2006) Silencing of the ACC synthase gene ACACS2 causes delayed flowering in pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]. J Exp Bot 57(14):3953–3960
Zhong S, Zhao M, Shi T, Shi H, An F, Zhao Q, Guo H (2009) EIN3/EIL1 cooperate with PIF1 to prevent photo-oxidation and to promote greening of Arabidopsis seedlings. PNAS 106:21431–21436
Zhu Z, An F, Feng Y, Li P, Xue L, Mu A, Jiang Z, Kim JM, Taiko KT, Li W, Zhang X, Yu Q, Dong Z, Chen WQ, Motoaki S, Zhou JM, Guo H (2011) Derepression of ethylene-stabilized transcription factors (EIN3/EIL1) mediates jasmonate and ethylene signaling synergy in Arabidopsis. PNAS 108:12539–12544
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Lai Qixian and Prof. Li Kelie for access to their collections. This work was supported by the Natural Scientific Foundation in China (30760148) and the Natural Scientific Foundation in Hainan Province (808191).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Zhiying Li and Hanqing Cong contributed equally to the work.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cong, H., Li, Z. & Xu, L. Characterizing developmental and inducible differentiation between juvenile and adult plants of Aechmea fasciata treated with ethylene by transcriptomic analysis. Plant Growth Regul 69, 247–257 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9767-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9767-2