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A Ser–Gly substitution in plastid-encoded photosystem II D1 protein is responsible for atrazine resistance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

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Abstract

A foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) line resistant to atrazine was obtained through interspecific hybridization between wild S. viridis L. Beauv. and cultivated S. italica. The resistance was proved to be controlled by a chloroplast-inherited gene and it has further been utilized in foxtail millet production. However, the sequence information of the putative atrazine resistance gene, psbA in foxtail millet’s chloroplast genome encoding photosystem II D1 protein (32 kDa thylakoid membrane protein) (photosystem QB protein) and the mutation site responsible for the resistance are not known. In this paper the psbA sequences of six atrazine susceptible/resistant foxtail millet varieties were obtained and compared. The results indicated that there was only one amino acid difference between susceptible and resistance gene, resulting from a single base substitution. It was concluded that a mutant allele of photosystem II protein D1 encoding a Gly residue instead of a Ser residue at position 264 is a major gene of resistance to atrazine. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree based on the psbA coding region of thirty-five plant species was carried out. The phylogenetic relationship between S. italica and other plants and the related evolutionary issues were discussed and it was suggested that psbA sequences could be used in phylogenetic studies in plants.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. H. Darmency (INRA, France) for providing seeds of atrazine resistant lines of foxtail millet. Thanks also go to Prof. Bin Wang of Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences for advice. Financial support was provided by a Project for Public Will from the MOST of China (grant no. 2005DIA4J019) and another grant from the MOST (grant no. 2004BA525B04).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Beijing, 100081, China

    Xiaoping Jia, Jincheng Yuan, Yunsu Shi, Yancun Song, Tianyu Wang & Yu Li

  2. State Key Laboratory of Agri-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China

    Xiaoping Jia & Guoying Wang

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  1. Xiaoping Jia
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  2. Jincheng Yuan
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  3. Yunsu Shi
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  4. Yancun Song
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  5. Guoying Wang
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  6. Tianyu Wang
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  7. Yu Li
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Correspondence to Tianyu Wang or Yu Li.

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Xiaoping Jia and Jincheng Yuan have equal contribution.

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Jia, X., Yuan, J., Shi, Y. et al. A Ser–Gly substitution in plastid-encoded photosystem II D1 protein is responsible for atrazine resistance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Plant Growth Regul 52, 81–89 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9181-3

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