Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phospholipids as Plant Growth Regulators

  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper the potential to use phospholipids and lysophospholipids as plant growth regulators is discussed. Recent evidence shows that phospholipids and phospholipases play an important signalling role in the normal course of plant development and in the response of plants to abiotic and biotic stress. It is apparent that phospholipase A (PLA), C (PLC) and D (PLD), lysophospholipids, and phosphatidic acid (PA) are key components of plant lipid signalling pathways. By comparison, there is very little information available on the effect of exogenously applied phospholipids on plant growth and development. This paper serves to introduce phospholipids as a novel class of plant growth regulator for use in commercial plant production. The biochemistry and physiology of phospholipids is discussed in relation to studies in which phospholipids and lysophospholipids have been applied to plants and plant parts. Implicit in the observations is that phospholipids impact the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance in plants to improve crop performance and product quality. Based on published data, a scheme outlining a possible mode of action of exogenously applied phospholipids is proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • S.L. Austin-Brown K.D. Chapman (2002) ArticleTitleInhibition of phospholipase Dα by N-acylethanolamines Plant Physiol. 129 1892–1898 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.001974 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmtl2gtb8%3D Occurrence Handle12177503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I. Baburina S. Jackowski (1999) ArticleTitleCellular responses to excess phospholipid J. Biol. Chem. 274 9400–9408 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.274.14.9400 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisVWltL4%3D Occurrence Handle10092620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E.B. Blancflor G. Hou K.D. Chapman (2003) ArticleTitleElevated levels of N-lauroylethanolaminean endogenous constituent of desiccated seeds, disrupt normal root development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings Planta 217 206–217

    Google Scholar 

  • J.-P. Blein P. Coutos-Thévenot D. Marion M. Ponchet (2002) ArticleTitleFrom elicitins to lipid-transfer proteins: a new insight in cell signalling involved in plant defence mechanisms Trends Plant Sci. 7 293–296 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02284-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlt1OhtLc%3D Occurrence Handle12119165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K. Böhme Y. Li F. Charlot C. Grierson K. Marrocco K. Okada M. Laloue F. Nogué (2004) ArticleTitleThe Arabidopsis COW1 gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein essential for root hair tip growth Plant J. 40 686–698 Occurrence Handle15546352

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Bomstein (1965) ArticleTitleA new class of phosphatides isolated from soft wheat flour Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 21 49–54 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-291X(65)90424-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF28XmvVyl Occurrence Handle5865490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman (1998) ArticleTitlePhospholipase activity during plant growth and development and in response to environmental stress Trends Plant Sci. 3 419–426 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01326-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman (2004) ArticleTitleOccurrencemetabolismand prospective functions of N-acylethanolamines in plants Prog. Lipid Res. 43 302–327 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsVSgsrk%3D Occurrence Handle15234550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman T.S. Moore SuffixJr. (1993) ArticleTitleN-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in plants: occurrencemolecular composition and phospholipid origin Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 301 21–33 Occurrence Handle10.1006/abbi.1993.1110 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhs1Ghu78%3D Occurrence Handle8442663

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman I. Lin A.D. Desouza (1995) ArticleTitleMetabolism of cottonseed microsomal N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 318 401–407 Occurrence Handle10.1006/abbi.1995.1246 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXltlSgsr4%3D Occurrence Handle7733669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman W.B. Sprinkle (1996) ArticleTitleDevelopmental, tissue-specific and environmental factors regulate the biosynthesis of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) J. Plant Physiol. 149 277–284 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtFGqtLc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman S. Tripathy B. Venables A.D. Desouza (1998) ArticleTitleN-Acylethanolamines: Formation and molecular composition of a new class of plant lipids Plant Physiol. 116 1163–1168 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.116.3.1163 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitVOjsb0%3D Occurrence Handle9501149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.D. Chapman B. Venables R. Markovic R.W. Blair SuffixJr. C. Bettinger (1999) ArticleTitleN-Acylethanolamines in seeds. Quantification of molecular species and their degradation upon imbibition Plant Physiol. 120 1157–1164 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.120.4.1157 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXls12rsbk%3D Occurrence Handle10444099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Cremonini L. Laghi G. Placucci (2004) ArticleTitleInvestigation of commercial lecithin by 31P NMR in a ternary CUBO solvent J. Sci. Food Agric. 84 786–790 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jsfa.1683 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvVCiurc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.M.C. Dawson N. Clarke R.H. Quarles (1969) ArticleTitleN-Acylphosphatidylethanolaminea phospholipid that is rapidly metabolized during early germination of pea seeds Biochem. J. 114 265–270 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF1MXltV2itbs%3D Occurrence Handle5810083

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C.F. Jong Particlede A.M. Laxalt B.O.R. Bargmann P.J.G.M. Witt Particlede M.H.A.J. Joosten T. Munnik (2004) ArticleTitlePhosphatidic acid accumulation is an early response in the Cf-4/Avr4 interaction Plant J. 39 1–12 Occurrence Handle15200638

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I.A. Roche ParticleDe La C.J. Andrews M. Kates (1973) ArticleTitleChanges in phospholipid composition of a winter wheat cultivar during germination at 2 °C and 24 °C Plant Physiol. 51 468–473

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Delhaize D.M. Hebb K.D. Richards J.-M. Lin P.R. Ryan R.C. Gardner (1999) ArticleTitleCloning and expression of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phosphatidylserine synthase cDNA J. Biol. Chem. 274 7082–7088 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.274.11.7082 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvFWru74%3D Occurrence Handle10066765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J.-P. Douliez T. Michin D. Marion (2000) ArticleTitleSteady-state tyrosine fluorescence to study the lipid-binding properties of a wheat non-specific lipid-transfer protein (nsLTP) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1467 65–72 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltlersrc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L. Fan S. Zheng X. Wang (1997) ArticleTitleAntisense suppression of phospholipase Dα retards abscisic acid- and ethylene-promoted senescence of postharvest Arabidopsis leaves Plant Cell 9 2183–2196 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.9.12.2183 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjt12rtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9437863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.M. Farag J.P. Palta (1991) ArticleTitleImproving postharvest keeping quality of vine-ripened tomato fruits with a natural lipid HortScience 26 162

    Google Scholar 

  • K.M. Farag J.P. Palta (1993) ArticleTitleUse of lysophosphatidylethanolaminea natural lipid, to retard tomato leaf and fruit senescence Physiol. Plant. 87 515–521 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.870411.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1Gmu74%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E.E. Farmer A. Alméras V. Krishnamurthy (2003) ArticleTitleJasmonates and related oxylipins in plant responses to pathogenesis and herbivory Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 6 372–378 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00045-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsValtbo%3D Occurrence Handle12873533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U. Fischer S. Men M. Grebe (2004) ArticleTitleLipid function in plant cell polarity Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 670–676 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1Chsbk%3D Occurrence Handle15491915

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. Foreman V. Demidchik J.H.F. Bothwell P. Mylona H. Miedema M.A. Torres P. Linstead S. Costa C. Brownlee J.D.G. Jones J.M. Davies L. Dolan (2003) ArticleTitleReactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth Nature 422 442–446 Occurrence Handle10.1038/nature01485 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitlGgtLg%3D Occurrence Handle12660786

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Frentzen (2004) ArticleTitlePhosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol: anionic membrane lpids and phosphate regulation Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 270–276 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.001 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvVams7c%3D Occurrence Handle15134747

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E. Gomès K. Venema F. Simon-Plas M.-L. Milat M.G. Palmgren J.-P. Blein (1996) ArticleTitleActivation of the plant plasma membrane H+ATPase. Is there a direct mechanism between lysophosphatidylcholine and the C-terminal part of the enzyme? FEBS Lett. 398 48–52 Occurrence Handle8946951

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Hallouin T. Ghelis M. Brault F. Bardat D. Cornel E. Miginiac J.-P. Rona B. Sotta E. Jeanette (2002) ArticleTitlePlasmalemma abscisic acid perception leads to RAB18 expression via phospholipase D activation in Arabidopsis suspension cells Plant Physiol. 130 265–272 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.004168 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntFOrtrg%3D Occurrence Handle12226506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K. Hammond-Kosack J. Jones (2000) Responses to plant pathogens B.B Buchanan W. Gruissem R.L. Jones (Eds) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants American Society of Plant biology Rockville 1102–1157

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Helmerich P. Koehler (2003) ArticleTitleComparison of methods for the quantitative determination of phospholipids in lecithins and flour improvers J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 6645–6651 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jf0345088 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXns1OgtL4%3D Occurrence Handle14582954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H. Härtel B. Essigmann H. Lokstein S. Hoffmann-Benning M. Peters-Kottig C. Benning (1998) ArticleTitleThe phospholipid-deficient pho1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is affected in the organization, but not in the light acclimation, of the thylakoid membrane Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1415 205–218 Occurrence Handle9858733

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H.W. Jung W. Kim B.K. Hwang (2003) ArticleTitleThree pathogen-inducible genes encoding lipid transfer protein from pepper are differentially activated by pathogens, abiotic, and environmental stresses Plant Cell Environ. 26 915–928 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01024.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXls1Gnt7c%3D Occurrence Handle12803619

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J.-C. Kader (1996) ArticleTitleLipid-transfer proteins in plants Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47 627–654 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.627 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtlWgt7w%3D Occurrence Handle15012303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H. Karibe S. Komatsu H. Hirano (1995) ArticleTitleA calcium-dependent and phospholipid-dependent protein-kinase from rice (Oryza sativa) leaves Physiol. Plant. 95 127–133 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.950119.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhvVyhtg%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Katagiri K. Ishiyama T. Kato S. Tabata M. Kobayashi K. Shinozaki (2005) ArticleTitleAn important role of phosphatidic acid in ABA signaling during germination in Arabidopsis thaliana Plant J. 43 107–117 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02431.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmsVehs7w%3D Occurrence Handle15960620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Laxalt T. Munnik (2002) ArticleTitlePhospholipid signaling in plant defence Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5 1–7 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00268-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H.Y. Lee S.C. Bahn Y. Kang K.H. Lee H.J. Kim E.K. Noh J.P. Palta J.S. Shin S.B. Ryu (2003) ArticleTitleSecretory low molecular weight phospholipase A2 plays important roles in cell elongation and shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis Plant Cell 15 1990–2002 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.014423 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsV2gtbs%3D Occurrence Handle12953106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H.Y. Lee S.C. Bahn J.S. Shin I. Hwang K. Back J.H. Doelling S.B. Ryu (2005) ArticleTitleMultiple forms of secretory phospholipase A2 in plants Prog. Lipid Res. 44 52–67 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhvVCjtLc%3D Occurrence Handle15748654

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S. Lee S. Suh S. Kim R.C. Carin J.M. Kwak H.-G. Nam Y. Lee (1997) ArticleTitleSystemic elevation of phosphatidic acid and lysophospholipid levels in wounded plants Plant J. 12 547–556 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVCktLc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • F. Lemtiri-Chlieh E.A.C. MacRobbie A.A.R. Webb N.F. Manison C. Brownlee J.N. Skepper J. Chen G.D. Prestwich C.A. Brearley (2003) ArticleTitleInositol hexakisphosphate mobilizes an endomembrane store of calcium in guard cells Proc. Nalt. Acad. Sci. USA 100 10091–10095 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvVeis7c%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P.O. Lim H.R. Woo H.G. Nam (2003) ArticleTitleMolecular genetics of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis Trends Plant Sci. 8 272–278 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00103-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXksF2hur0%3D Occurrence Handle12818661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W.H. Lin R. Ye H. Ma Z.H. Xu H.W. Xue (2004) ArticleTitleDNA chip-based expression profile analysis indicates involvement of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in multiple plant responses to hormone and abiotic treatments Cell Res. 14 34–45 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.cr.7290200 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivFymurc%3D Occurrence Handle15040888

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M.O. Marshall M. Kates (1974) ArticleTitleBiosynthesis of nitrogenous phospholipids in spinach leaves Can. J. Biochem. Cell B 52 469–482 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXls1Knsb4%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Martiny-Baron G.F.E. Schere (1989) ArticleTitlePhospholipid-stimulated protein kinase in plants J. Biol. Chem. 264 18052–18059 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXmt12ju7c%3D Occurrence Handle2530218

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R.S. McAndrew K.D. Chapman (1998) ArticleTitleEnzymology of cottonseed microsomal N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine synthase: kinetic properties and mechanism-based inactivation Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1390 21–36 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtlOjsLs%3D Occurrence Handle9487138

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S.D. McNeil M.L. Nuccio M.J. Ziemak A.D. Hanson (2001) ArticleTitleEnhanced synthesis of choline and glycine betaine in transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 10001–10005 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtlCmt7w%3D Occurrence Handle11481443

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H.J.G. Meijer T. Munnik (2003) ArticleTitlePhospholipid-based signaling in plants Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 265–306 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134748 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntFSgu7g%3D Occurrence Handle14502992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B. Meuller-Roeber C. Pical (2002) ArticleTitleInositol phospholipid metabolism in Arabidopsis. Characterized and putative isoforms of inositol phospholipid kinase and phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C Plant Physiol. 130 22–46

    Google Scholar 

  • T.S. Moore SuffixJr. (1975) ArticleTitlePhosphatidylserine synthesis in castor bean endosperm Plant Physiol. 56 177–180 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXlt1ykurY%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P. Moreau M.-A. Hartmann A.-M. Perret B. Sturbois-Balcerzak C. Cassagne (1998) ArticleTitleTransport of sterols to the plasma membrane of leek seedlings Plant Physiol. 117 931–937 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.117.3.931 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvVylt78%3D Occurrence Handle9662535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T. Munnik (2001) ArticleTitlePhosphatidic acid: an emerging plant lipid second messenger Trends Plant Sci. 6 227–233 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(01)01918-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsFKmtbs%3D Occurrence Handle11335176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I.E. O’Brien B.C. Bagauley B.G. Murray B.A.M. Morris I.B. Ferguson (1998) ArticleTitleEarly stages of the apoptotic pathway in plant cells are reversible Plant J. 13 803–814 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislejsL0%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Özgen S. Park J.P. Palta (2005) ArticleTitleMitigation of ethylene-promoted leaf senescence by a natural lipidlysophosphatidylethanolamine HortScience 40 1166–1167

    Google Scholar 

  • M.G. Palmgren M. Sommarin (1989) ArticleTitleLysophosphatidylcholine stimulates ATP dependent proton accumulation in isolated oat root plasma membrane vesicles Plant Physiol. 90 1009–1014 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXkvFans7o%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.G. Palmgren M. Sommarin P. Ulvskov P.L. Jørgensen (1988) ArticleTitleModulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase from oat roots by lysophosphatidylcholinefree fatty acids and phospholipase A2 Physiol. Plant 74 11–19 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXmt1Glsrc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Park Y. Gu Y. Lee Z. Yang Y. Lee (2004) ArticleTitlePhosphatidic acid induces leaf cell death in Arabidopsis by activating the rho-related small G protein GTPase-mediated pathway of reactive oxygen species generation Plant Physiol. 134 129–136 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVagur8%3D Occurrence Handle14730067

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K.-Y. Park J-Y. Jung J. Park J.-U. Hwang Y.-W. Kim I. Hwang Y. Lee (2003) ArticleTitleA role for phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in abscisic acid-induced reactive oxygen species generation in guard cells Plant Physiol. 132 92–98 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.102.016964 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktVGgs7w%3D Occurrence Handle12746515

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Potoký M. Eliáš B. Profotová Z. Novotná O. Valentová V. Žárský (2003) ArticleTitlePhosphatidic acid produced by phospholipases D is required for tobacco pollen tube growth Planta 217 122–130

    Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Rawyler R.A. Braendle (2001) ArticleTitleN-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine accumulation in potato cells upon energy shortage caused by anoxia or respiratory inhibitors Plant Physiol. 127 240–251 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.127.1.240 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFCrtLo%3D Occurrence Handle11553752

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M.S. Reid C.A.S. Padfield (1975) ArticleTitleControl of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 18 383–385 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XhtVCjsrk%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Repp K. Mikami F. Mittmann E. Hartman (2004) ArticleTitlePhosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C is involved in cytokinin and gravity responses in the moss Physcomitrella patens Plant J. 40 250–259 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02205.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVSjtLzI Occurrence Handle15447651

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G.A. Romanov J.J. Kieber T. Schmülling (2002) ArticleTitleA rapid cytokinin response assay in Arabidopsis indicates a role for phospholipase D in cytokinin signaling FEBS Lett. 515 39–43 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02415-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xis1eju7w%3D Occurrence Handle11943191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D. Rontein W.-I. Wu D.R. Voelker A.D. Hanson (2003a) ArticleTitleMitochondrial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from higher plants. Functional complementation in yeastlocalization in plants, and overexpression in Arabidopsis Plant Physiol. 132 1678–1687 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.103.023242 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsFGgsrw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Rontein D. Rhodes A.D. Hanson (2003b) ArticleTitleEvidence from engineering that decarboxylation of free serine is the major source of ethanolamine moieties in plants Plant Cell Physiol. 44 1185–1191 Occurrence Handle10.1093/pcp/pcg144 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpsFGgtbc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Ryu (2004) ArticleTitlePhospholipid-derived signaling mediated by phospholipase A in plants Trends Plant Sci. 9 229–235 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tplants.2004.03.004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvVemtb4%3D Occurrence Handle15130548

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Ryu B.H. Karlsson M. Özgen J.P. Palta (1997) ArticleTitleInhibition of phospholipase D by lysophosphatidylethanolaminea lipid-derived senescence retardant Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 12717–12721 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.94.23.12717 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXns1ylurw%3D Occurrence Handle11038592

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J.A. Sandoval Z.H. Huang D.C. Garrett D.A. Gage K.D. Chapman (1995) ArticleTitleN-Acylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine in dry and imbibing cottonseeds: amounts, molecular species and enzymatic synthesis Plant Physiol. 109 269–275 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.109.1.269 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXotFWmsb8%3D Occurrence Handle7480326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H.H.O. Schmid P.C. Schmid V. Natarajan (1990) ArticleTitleN-Acylated glycerophospholipids and their derivatives Prog. Lipid Res. 29 1–43 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXisVartLc%3D Occurrence Handle2087478

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G.F.E. Scherer (2002) ArticleTitleSecondary messengers and phospholipase A2 in auxin signal transduction Plant Mol. Biol. 49 357–372 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1015290510483 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktlSqt7s%3D Occurrence Handle12036260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G.F.E. Scherer B. Arnold (1997) ArticleTitleAuxin-induced growth is inhibited by phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Implications for auxin-induced signal transduction Planta 202 462–469 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004250050150 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltFyjt70%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G.F.E. Scherer D. Hecker J. Müller (1993) ArticleTitleCa2+ ions and lysophospholipids activate phosphorylation of different proteins in plasma membrane and tonoplast J. Plant Physiol. 142 425–431 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXltVagsw%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.O. Sharples M.S. Reid N.A. Turner (1979) ArticleTitleThe effects of postharvest mineral element and lecithin treatments on the storage disorders of apples J. Hort. Sci. 54 299–304 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXlsFSk

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Shrestha M. Noordimeer M. Stelt ParticleVan der G.A. Veldink K.D. Chapman (2002) ArticleTitleN-Acylethanolamines are metabolized by lipoxygenase and amidohydrolase in competing pathways during cottonseed imbibition Plant Physiol. 130 391–401 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.004689 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntFOrt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle12226518

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S.G. Spivak M.A. Kisel G.A. Yakovleva (2003) ArticleTitleBoosting the immune system of solanaceous plants by lysophosphatidylcholine Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 50 332–335 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1023801732305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.-U. Sutter U. Homann G. Thiel (2000) ArticleTitleCa2+-stimulated exocytosis in maize coleoptile cells Plant Cell 12 1127–1136 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.12.7.1127 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlslygtLg%3D Occurrence Handle10899979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C. Testerink T. Munnik (2005) ArticleTitlePhosphatidic acid: a multifunctional stress signaling lipid in plants Trends Plant Sci. 10 368–375 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tplants.2005.06.002 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVCmsrs%3D Occurrence Handle16023886

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S. Tripathy B.J. Venables K.D. Chapman (1999) ArticleTitleN-Acylethanolamines in signal transduction of elicitor perception: attenuation of the alkalinization response and activation of defense gene expression Plant Physiol. 121 1299–1308 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.121.4.1299 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotFyisrc%3D Occurrence Handle10594117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S. Tripathy K. Kleppinger-Sparace R.A. Dixon K.D. Chapman (2003) ArticleTitleN-Acylethanolamine signaling in tobacco is mediated by a membrane-associatedhigh-affinity binding protein Plant Physiol. 131 1781–1791 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.102.014936 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjt1Sqsb8%3D Occurrence Handle12692337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W. Leeuwen Particlevan L. Ökrész L. Bögre T. Munnik (2004) ArticleTitleLearning the lipid language of plant signalling Trends Plant Sci 9 378–384 Occurrence Handle15358268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K. Viehweger B. Dordschbal W. Roos (2002) ArticleTitleElicitor-activated phospholipase A2 generates lysophosphatidylcholines that mobilize the vacuolar H+ pool for pH signaling via the activation of Na+-dependent proton fluxes Plant Cell 14 1509–1525 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.002329 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvV2rsb8%3D Occurrence Handle12119371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. Vincent L. Maneta-Peyret C. Cassagne P. Moreau (2001) ArticleTitlePhosphatidylserine delivery to endoplasmic retivulum-derived vesicles of plant cells depends on two biosynthetic pathways FEBS Lett. 498 32–36 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02475-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVKrurc%3D Occurrence Handle11389893

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. Vincent L. Maneta-Peyret B. Sturbois-Balcerzak M. Duvert C. Cassagne P. Moreau (1999) ArticleTitleOne of the origins of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine in plant cells is a local synthesis by a serine exchange activity FEBS Lett. 464 80–84 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01682-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotVOjsbg%3D Occurrence Handle10611488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D.R. Voelker (2005) ArticleTitleBridging the gaps in phospholipid transport Trends Biochem. Sci. 30 396–404 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tibs.2005.05.008 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlvFaktL0%3D Occurrence Handle15951180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • X. Wang (2001) ArticleTitlePlant phospholipases Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 52 211–231 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.211 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslWgsLs%3D Occurrence Handle11337397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • X. Wang (2002) ArticleTitlePhospholipase D in hormonal and stress signaling Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5 408–414 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtlGjtLg%3D Occurrence Handle12183179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • X. Wang (2004) ArticleTitleLipid signaling Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 1–8 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • X. Wang (2005) ArticleTitleRegulatory functions of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant growthdevelopmentand stress responses Plant Physiol. 139 566–573 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFCgsLbJ Occurrence Handle16219918

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R. Welti W. Li M. Li Y. Sang H. Biesiada H.-E. Zhou C.B. Rajashekar T.D. Williams X. Wang (2002) ArticleTitleProfiling membrane lipids in plant stress responses: role of phospholipase Dα in freezing-induced lipid changes in Arabidopsis J. Biol. Chem. 277 31994–32002 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.M205375200 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmslOqu7w%3D Occurrence Handle12077151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M.E. Williams J. Torabinejad E. Cohick K. Parker E.J. Drake J.E. Thompson M. Hortter D.B. DeWald (2005) ArticleTitleMutations in the Arabidopsis phosphoinositide phosphatase gene SAC9 lead to overaccumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and constitutive expression of the stress-response pathway Plant Physiol. 138 686–700 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.105.061317 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVaqu7o%3D Occurrence Handle15923324

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G. Wu A.J. Robertson X. Liu P. Zheng R.W. Wilen R.W. Nesbitt L.V. Gusta (2004) ArticleTitleA lipid transfer protein gene BG-14 is differentially regulated by abiotic stress, ABA, anisomycin, and sphingosine in bromegrass (Bromus inermis) J. Plant Physiol. 161 449–458 Occurrence Handle10.1078/0176-1617-01259 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktlCktr4%3D Occurrence Handle15128032

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E.-M. Yubero-Serrano E. Moyano N. Medina-Escobar J. Muñoz-Blanco J.-L. Caballero (2003) ArticleTitleIdentification of a strawberry gene encoding a non-specific lipid transfer protein that responds to ABA, wounding and cold stress J. Exp. Bot. 54 1865–1877 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jxb/erg211 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsl2ktrk%3D Occurrence Handle12869521

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C. Zalejski Z. Zhang A. Quettier R. Maldiney M. Bonnet M. Brault C. Demandre E. Miginiac J. Rona B. Sotta E. Jeanette (2005) ArticleTitleDiacylglycerol pyrophosphate is a second messenger of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells Plant J. 42 145–152 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02373.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvFSrsbk%3D Occurrence Handle15807778

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W. Zhang C. Wang C. Qin T. Wood G. Olafsdottir R. Welti X. Wang (2003) ArticleTitleThe oleate-stimulated phospholipase D, PLDδ, and phosphatidic acid decrease H2O2-induced cell death in Arabidopsis Plant Cell 15 2285–2295 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotlGmtL8%3D Occurrence Handle14508007

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutra-Park Inc., Suite 140, 3225 Deming Way, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA

    A. Keith Cowan

Authors
  1. A. Keith Cowan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Keith Cowan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cowan, A.K. Phospholipids as Plant Growth Regulators. Plant Growth Regul 48, 97–109 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-5481-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-5481-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation