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Population structure, gene flow and genetic diversity analyses based on agro-morphological traits and microsatellite markers within cultivated and wild germplasms of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.]

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Abstract

Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech.] is an annual herb of the family Malvaceae and has tremendous nutritional and industrial potential. However, the unknown genome size, variation in ploidy level makes it more challenging for okra breeders to enhance their genetic potential. In this context, the genetic analysis of allelic polymorphism and population structure analysis of okra germplasm is pivotal for its genetic improvement. In the present investigation, a total of 96 okra genotypes were undertaken for morpho-genetic diversity analyses using 13 morphological parameters and 65 SSR markers. Out of 65 SSRs, 50 primers were polymorphic and the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.38. The polymorphic loci AVRDC OKRA 64 revealed a maximum PIC value of 0.71 and the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 7, with an average of 3.34 alleles per locus. The neighbour-joining (N-J) tree grouped the genotypes into three distinct clusters (I-III), of which Cluster I comprised of cultivated species, A. esculentus and A. caillei, while, Cluster II and III consisted of other related wild species. Furthermore, the population structure analysis distinguished the okra genotypes into two distinct genetic groups comprising cultivated (A. esculentus) and wild-type okra. The variability analysis based on 13 agro-morphological traits revealed that the genotype DOV-92 exhibited the highest per se performance for total fruit yield, followed by Pusa Bhindi-5. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis revealed that the first three components account for more than 50% of the total genetic variation. The present investigation deciphered a high morphological and genetic diversity in cultivated and wild okra germplasm. Thus, it could serve as important genetic resources for okra improvement programmes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to the Division of Vegetable Science and PG School, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, to provide all sorts of laboratory facilities and financial support. First Author also wants to extend his acknowledgement to the Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) for awarding ICAR-PG Fellowship-2017 during the tenure of the Post-graduate research program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Anjan Das, Ramesh Kumar Yadav, Harshwardhan Choudhary, Suman Lata, Saurabh Singh, Shilpi Kumari & G. Boopalakrishnan

  2. Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Chavlesh Kumar

  3. Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Rakesh Bhardwaj

  4. Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Akshay Talukdar

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  1. Anjan Das
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Contributions

Anjan Das: Investigation, Data Curation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original Draft; Ramesh Kumar Yadav: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing—Review & Editing; Harshwardhan Choudhary: Writing—Review & Editing, Methodology; Suman Lata: Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—Review & Editing; Saurabh Singh: Formal analysis, Visualization; Writing—Review & Editing; Chavlesh Kumar: Formal analysis; Shilpi Kumari: Formal analysis, Data Curation; Boopalakrishnan G: Data Curation; Rakesh Bhardwaj: Data Curation, AkshayTalukdar: Formal analysis.

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Correspondence to Ramesh Kumar Yadav.

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Das, A., Yadav, R.K., Choudhary, H. et al. Population structure, gene flow and genetic diversity analyses based on agro-morphological traits and microsatellite markers within cultivated and wild germplasms of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.]. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 771–791 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01263-9

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