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Traditional knowledge of wild food plants of Thai Karen and Lawa (Thailand)

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Abstract

Gathering of wild food plants represent original practices of indigenous people. The uses of wild food plant species are not only important in traditional dishes but also for the people’s health based on the medicinal properties of the plants. This study was aimed to examine the diversity patterns and similarity of wild food plants in the Karen and Lawa communities, and to identify the effects of socio-demographic factors on the traditional knowledge related to the wild food plants. The Karen and Lawa in four villages in Chiang Mai, Thailand, used 124 species of wild food plants. Most species were used as vegetables followed by species used as fruits, seasoning, and beverage. One-third of the wild food plant species had medicinal properties in addition to their uses as food. The Lawa and Karen used slightly different numbers [114 and 121, respectively] of wild food plants, but with a very large overlap of species. Socio-demographic factors such as age influenced the use patterns, whereas no significant relationship was found between gender and level of education on one side and the use of wild food plants on the other side. Knowledge of wild food plants is diverse and important in the Karen and Lawa communities which, in addition to their mostly agricultural livelihoods, maintain important elements of their original hunter-gatherer culture. We noted that the great diversity of species contributes to the dietary diversity in local communities. These findings may have implications for human food supply with potential to be substitute foods combatting food insecurity.

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Acknowledgements

We are especially grateful to the people of Din Kao, Mae Tum, Ho, and Kok Noi villages for generous help and for sharing their knowledge about the use of the wild food plants. The research was supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee Program of Thailand Research Fund (Grant no. PHD/0080/2557). HB acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation (CF14-0245) to study the Thai flora. This research work was partially supported by Chiang Mai University. We are also grateful to the staff of Ethnobotany and Northern Thai Flora, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University for assistance and facilities during the field survey.

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Huaykaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Kittiyut Punchay, Angkhana Inta, Pimonrat Tiansawat & Prasit Wangpakapattanawong

  2. Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Huaykaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Prasit Wangpakapattanawong

  3. Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, NyMunkegade 114-116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Henrik Balslev

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The present study was done in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the International Society of Ethnobiology. All procedures performed were in accordance with international guidelines for human research protection with the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference on Harmonization in Good Clinic Practice (ICH-GCP) and the Belmont report. The ethical approval was obtained from [Chiang Mai University Research Ethic Committee, certificate of approval no. 019/61].

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Table 4 List of wild food plants collected by the Karen and Lawa in four villages in northern Thailand
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Punchay, K., Inta, A., Tiansawat, P. et al. Traditional knowledge of wild food plants of Thai Karen and Lawa (Thailand). Genet Resour Crop Evol 67, 1277–1299 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00910-x

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