Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Morinda tomentosa Heyne, with neutral and gene based markers

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Morinda tomentosa Heyne (Rubiaceae) an evergreen small tree also known as Aal or Indian Mulberry or Nunaa has broad range of therapeutic and nutritional value and is broadly used for making morindone dye for the dyeing of silk, cotton and wool. This is the first report wherein twenty genotypes of M. tomentosa, an underutilized fruit plant collected from Madhya Pradesh, India were studied for genetic diversity analyses using 131 Start Codon Targeted Markers (SCoT) (gene based) and 97 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 70 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) (neutral) markers. SCoT markers showed the highest level of polymorphism, Shannon’s Information Index and Polymorphism Information Content (70.23 %; 0.31 ± 0.27; 0.189 ± 0.103), while the total number of bands per primer (7.0) was highest for ISSR markers. Nei’s gene diversity (0.20) was found similar for both ISSR and SCoT markers. And geographical clustering was most pronounced with ISSR followed by SCoT and RAPD markers. Cumulative marker data revealed best clustering of genotypes based on their areas of the collection. And individually, our results showed the efficacy of both SCoT and ISSR (co-phenetic correlation values of 0.79 and 0.76 respectively) over RAPD (co-phenetic correlation value of 0.69) markers for genetic diversity and geographical patterning studies of M. tomentosa. Additionally, structure analysis grouped the twenty M. tomentosa genotypes into two sub-populations, this structuring and the identified markers can be utilized for making further strategies for collection and conservation of M. tomentosa from Madhya Pradesh and other states of India as well as for global collections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  • Anonymous (1962) The wealth of India: raw materials, vol 6. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, p 425

    Google Scholar 

  • Anuradha V, Praveena A, Sanjayan KP (2013) Nutritive analysis of fresh and dry fruits of Morinda tinctoria. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2(3):65–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Arya L, Ramya KN, Kak A, Pandey CD, Verma M, Gupta V (2013) Genetic diversity analysis in Morinda tomentosa collected from Gujarat using RAPD markers. Indian J Hortic 70(4):580–583

    Google Scholar 

  • Collard BCY, Mackill DJ (2009) Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism: a simple, novel DNA marker technique for generating gene-targeted markers in plants. Plant Mol Biol Rep 27(1):86–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das SC, Rahman MA (2011) Taxonomic revision of the genus Morinda L. (Rubiaceae) in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Bot 40(2):113–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Earl DA, vonHoldt BM (2012) STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. Conserv Genet Resour 4(2):359–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giang VH, Ban NK, Nhiem NX, Kiem PV, Minh CV, Anh HLT, Yen PH, Tai BH, Cuong NX, Nam NH, Kim SH, Kwon YI, Kim YH (2013) Chemical constituents of the Morinda tomentosa leaves and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Bull Korean Chem Soc 34(5):1555–1558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorji AM, Poczai P, Polgar Z, Taller J (2011) Efficiency of arbitrarily amplified dominant markers (SCoT, ISSR and RAPD) for diagnostic fingerprinting in tetraploid potato. Am J Potato Res 88:226–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeyabalan S, Palayan M (2009) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. Int J Pharm Res 1:74–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Jukema J, Wulijarni-Soetjipto N, Lemmens RHMJ, Hildebrand JW (1991) Morinda L. [Internet] Record from Proseabase. In: Lemmens RHMJ, Wulijarni-Soetjipto N (eds) PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.proseanet.org

  • Kirubha R, Alagumuthu G (2013) Morinda tinctoria fruit assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 6(4):60–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesonbuaa W, Chantaranothai P (2013) The genus Morinda (Rubiaceae) in Thailand. ScienceAsia 39:331–339

  • Levand O, Larson HO (1979) Some chemical constituents of Morinda species. Plant Med 36:186–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linn., F.B.I. III-155. M. tinctoria, Roxb, F.B.I. III-156. Brandi’s Ind. Trees, p 392

  • Liu Y, Luo Z, Wu X, Bai X, Zhang D (2012) Functional dioecy in Morinda parvifolia (Rubiaceae), a species with stigma-height dimorphism. Plant Syst Evol 298:775–785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo C, He XH, Chen H, Ou SJ, Gao MP (2010) Analysis of diversity and relationships among mango cultivars using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Biochem Syst Ecol 38:1176–1184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo C, He XH, Chen H, Ying H, Ou SJ (2012) Genetic relationship and diversity of Mangifera indica L.: revealed through SCoT analysis. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:1505–1515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natho G (2001) Rubiaceae. In: Hanelt P, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (eds) Mansfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops, 4th edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 1764–1789

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisha K, Priscillapushparani V, Yogeshwari R, Subashree P, Chandran M, Hariram S (2011) Phytochemical screening of plant Morinda tinctoria (Family Rubiaceae) using different solvents. J Pharmacogn Herb Formul 1(6):48–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattabiraman K, Muthukumaran P (2011) Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. fruits extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Pharm Tech 1(2):34–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse PE (2012) GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update. Bioinformatics 28:2537–2539

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945–959

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rangnekar DV (1991) Feeding systems based on the traditional use of trees for feeding livestock. In: Speedy A, Pugliese P-L (eds) Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. p. 221. http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/T0632E/T0632E15.htm#ch15

  • Rodríguez-Girones MA, Gonzalvez FG, Llandres AL, Corlett RT, Santamaría L (2013) Possible role of weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina, in shaping plant–pollinator interactions in South-East Asia. J Ecol. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12100

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf FJ (2000) NTSYS-PC, numerical taxonomy system for the PC Exeter Software, Version 2.1. Applied Biostatistics Inc Setauket, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Roldan-Ruiz IJ, Dendauw EVB, Depicker A, De Loose M (2000) AFLP markers reveal high polymorphic rates in the rye-grasses (Lolium spp.). Mol Breed 6:125–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy GP, Shukla BK, Datt B (1992) In: Roy GP, Shukla BK, Datt B (eds) Flora of Madhya Pradesh: Chhatarpur and Damoh. Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi

  • Saghai-Maroof MA, Soliman KM, Jorgensen RA, Allard RW (1984) Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:8014–8018

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shekhawat S, Choudhary S, Gupta H, Amit Shekhawat N (2013) Determination of genetic diversity of the Morinda tinctoria population in historical Mandore garden. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India Sect B Biol Sci 83(3):367–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh DR, Srivastava AK, Srivastava A, Srivastava RC (2011) Genetic diversity among three Morinda species using RAPD and ISSR markers. Indian J Biotechnol 10:285–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh DR, Shrawan S, Darick M, Anbananthan V, Salim KM, Kumari C, Varghese A (2012) Diversity of Morinda citrifolia L. in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) assessed through morphological and DNA markers. Afr J Biotecnol 11(86):15214–15225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivaramana D, Muralidharana P (2010) Evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 1(1):8–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Thirupathy KP, Saravanan A (2009) Anticonvulsant activity of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2:063–065

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijayalakshmi R, Venkatachalam R, Periyathambi T, Saravanan P (2013) Biosorption of reactive red 198 from an aqueous solution using Morinda tinctoria. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol 1:36–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Waki J, Okpul T, Komolong MK (2008) Assessing the extent of diversity among noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) genotypes of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. S Pac J Nat Appl Sci 26:11–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong FQ, Zhong RC, Han ZQ, Jiang J, He LQ, Zhuang WJ et al (2011) Start codon targeted polymorphism for evaluation of functional genetic variation and relationships in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Mol Biol Rep 38:3487–3494

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh FC, Boyle T, Rongcai Y, Ye Z, Xian JM (1999) Popgene A Microsoft Windows based freeware for population genetic analysis, Ver 1.31. University of Alberta and Center for International Forestry Research, Edmonton

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful, thankful to WNRF, Chennai for financial support and Dr. K. C. Bansal, Director, NBPGR to carry out these studies. Special thanks to Dr. D. P. Semwal, NBPGR for map preparation of collection sites.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Lalit Arya, Ramya Kossery Narayanan, Manjusha Verma & Veena Gupta

  2. Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Vejalpur, Gujarat, India

    A. K. Singh

Authors
  1. Lalit Arya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ramya Kossery Narayanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manjusha Verma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. K. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Veena Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lalit Arya.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arya, L., Narayanan, R.K., Verma, M. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Morinda tomentosa Heyne, with neutral and gene based markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 61, 1469–1479 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0168-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0168-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation