Abstract
Stem rust is one of the important diseases of tetraploid wheats worldwide. One hundred and five landraces from the Watkins collection were assessed for seedling and adult plant stem rust response variation. Seedling resistance genes Sr8a, Sr8b, Sr9e, Sr9g, Sr12, Sr13, Sr17 and Sr23 were postulated in 28 genotypes using Australian and Indian Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes. Four genotypes possessed either uncharacterized seedling stem rust resistance gene(s) or combinations of known stem rust resistance genes with compensating avirulences among pathotypes used. Adult plant stem rust response assessments were made on 73 seedling susceptible genotypes in Australia and Ethiopia. Adult plant stem rust responses varied from 1 (very resistant) to 7 (moderately susceptible) on a 1–9 scale. The Ethiopian nursery was exposed to Ug99 (TTKSK) and JRCQC (virulent on Sr9e and Sr13). Some genotypes that exhibited high responses in Australia were scored low in Ethiopia. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of some resistance gene(s) that were ineffective in Australia. The opposite trend was also noted. Over 50 % genotypes exhibited commercially acceptable rust responses varying between 2 and 5 across sites and years. Genotyping with the Sr2-linked molecular marker csSr2 did not detect Sr2 in any of the genotypes. The marker gwm533 however detected the presence of Sr2 in eight genotypes. Stem rust resistant genotypes that carried varying levels of APR could carry new genes. Genetic analysis and deployment of these uncharacterized sources of seedling and APR in new cultivars will ensure durable stem rust control through increased diversity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alex B, Gil G, Arieh L (1997) Evaluation and variation in response to infection with Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia recondita of local wheat landraces. Euphytica 94:287–293
Bansal U, Hayden M, Gill M, Bariana H (2010) Chromosomal location of an uncharacterised stripe rust resistance gene in wheat. Euphytica 171:121–127
Bariana H, Bansal U, Hussain F, Ali Z, Ahmed R, Sambasivam P, Nelson J (2009) Stem rust resistance in durum wheat genotypes and synthetic hexaploids. In: 14th Australasian Plant Breeding, 11th SABRAO Conference. August 10–14, Cairns, Australia
Bariana H, Bansal U, Schmidt A, Lehmensiek A, Kaur J, Miah H, Howes N, McIntyre C (2010) Molecular mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance in wheat and identification of pyramided QTL genotypes. Euphytica. doi:10.1007/s10681-010-0240-x
Bariana H, Brown G, Bansal U, Miah H, Standen G, Lu M (2007a) Breeding triple rust resistant wheat cultivars for Australia using conventional and marker-assisted selection technologies. Aust J Agric Res 58:576–587
Bariana H, McIntosh R (1994) Characterisation and origin of rust and powdery mildew resistance genes in VPM1 wheat. Euphytica 76:53–61
Bariana H, Miah H, Brown G, Willey N, Lehmensiek A (2007b) Molecular mapping of durable rust resistance in wheat and its implication in breeding. Wheat production in stressed enviorments Proceedings of 7th International Wheat Conference 27th Nov-2nd Dec. 2005, Mar del Plata, Argentina, 723–727
Bariana H, Willey N, Venkata B, Lehmenseik A, Standen G, Lu M (2004) Breeding methodology to achieve durability for rust resistance in wheat. In ‘Proceedings of the 54th Australian Cereal Chemistry Conference and 11th Wheat Breeders Assembly’. Canberra, ACT. (Eds CK Black, JF Panozzo, GJ Rebetzke) (Wheat Breeding Society of Australia) pp:8–12
Bhavani S, Bansal U, Hare R, Bariana H (2008) Genetic mapping of stem rust resistance in durum wheat cultivar ‘Arrivato’. Int J Plant Breed 2:23–26
Bonman J, Bockelman H, Jin Y, Hijmans R, Gironella A (2007) Geographic distribution of stem rust resistance in wheat landraces. Crop Sci 55:1955–1963
Haile JK, Hammer K, Badebo A, Singh RP, Röder MS (2012a) Haplotype analysis of molecular markers linked to stem rust resistance genes in Ethiopian improved durum wheat varieties and tetraploid wheat landraces. Genet Resour Crop Evol. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9880-0
Haile JK, Nachit MM, Hammer K, Badebo A, Röder MS (2012b) QTL mapping of resistance to race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Mol Breeding 30:1479–1493
Hare R (1997) Characterization and inheritance of adult plant stem rust resistance in durum wheat. Crop Sci 37:1094–1099
Herrera-Foessel S, Lagudah ES, Huerta-Espino J, Hayden M, Bariana H, Singh D, Singh R (2011) New slow-rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr67 and Yr46 in wheat are pleiotropic or closely linked. Theor Appl Genet 122:239–249
Jin Y, Szabo L, Pretorius Z, Singh R, Ward R, Jr TF (2008) Detection of virulence toresistancegene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis 92: 923–926
Knott D (1989) The wheat rusts - breeding for resistance. Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–201
Knott D (2000) Inheritance of resistance to stem rust in Medea durum wheat and the role of suppressors. Crop Sci 40:98–102
Knott D, Bai D, Zale J (2005) The transfer of leaf and stem rust resistance from wild emmer wheats to durum and common wheat. Can J Plant Sci 85:49–57
Leonard K, Szabó L (2005) Stem rust of small grains and grasses caused by Puccinia graminis. Mol Pla Path 6:99–111
Luig N (1983) A survey of virulence genes in wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Advances in plant breeding, Supplement 11 to Plant Breeding, Berlin 198
Mago R, Brown-Guedira G, Dreisigacker S, Breen J, Jin Y, Singh R, Appels R, Lagudah ES, Ellis J, Spielmeyer W (2011) An accurate DNA marker assay for stem rust resistance gene Sr2 in Wheat. Theor Appl Genet 122:735–744
Mcfadden E (1930) A successful transfer of emmer characters to vulgare wheat. Agron J 22:1020–1034
McIntosh R, Dubcovsky J, Rogers W, Morris C, Appels R, Xia C (2011) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. http://www.wheat>. pw.usda.gov/GG2/pubs.html
McIntosh R, Wellings C, Park R (1995) Wheat rusts: an atlas of resistance genes. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, p 200
Miller T, Reader S, Ambrose M (2000) The Watkins wheat collection. Annu Wheat Newsl 46:172
Nayar S, Prashar M, Bhardwaj S (1997) Manual of current techniques in wheat rust. Research Bulletin No 2. Directorate of Wheat Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India.pp 18
Olivera P, Jin Y, Rouse M, Badebo A, Fetch TJr, Singh RP, Yahyaoui A (2012) Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with combined virulence to Sr13 and Sr9e in field stem rust screening nursery in Ethiopia. Plant Dis 96:623–628
Pretorius Z, Singh R, Wagoire W, Payne T (2000) Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis. f.sp. tritici in Uganda. Plant Dis 84:203
Qamar Z, Bansal U, Bariana H (2009) Inheritance of stem rust resistance in three durum wheat cultivars. 14th Australasian Plant Breeding and 11th SABRAO Conference. August, 10–14, 2009, Cairns, Australia
Roelfs A (1988) Resistance to leaf and stem rust in wheat. In: Simmonds NW, Rajaram S (eds) Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat. CIMMYT, Mexico, pp 10–22
Roelfs A, Huerto-Espino J, Marshall D (1992) Rust diseases of wheat: concepts and methods of disease management. CIMMYT
Sawhney R, Goel L (1981) Race-specific interactions between wheat genotypes and Indian cultures of stem rust. Theor Appl Genetics 60:161–166
Singh R (1992) Genetic association of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 with adult plant resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat. Phytopathology 82:835–838
Singh R, Hodson D, Jin Y, Huerta-Espino J, Kinyua M, Wanyera R, Njau P, Ward R (2006) Current status, likely migration and strategies to mitigate the threat towheat production from race Ug99 (TTKS) of stem rust pathogen. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural. Resources 1:054
Singh R, Huerta-Espino J, Rajaram S (2000) Achieving near immunity to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat by combining slow rusting resistance genes. Acta Phytopathol et Entomol Hungarica 35:135–139
Singh R, Huerta-Espino J, William H (2005) Genetics and breeding for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. Turk J Agric For 29:121–127
Singh R, Mujeeb-Kazi A, Huerta-Espino J (1998) Lr46: A gene conferring slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat. Phytopathology 88:890–894
Singh RP, Bechere E, Abdalla O (1992) Genetic analysis of resistance to stem rust in ten durum wheats. Phytopathology 82:919–922
Spielmeyer W, Sharp P, Lagudah E (2003) Identification and validation of markers linked to broad-spectrum stem rust resistance gene Sr2 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Sci 43:333–336
Acknowledgments
The first author thanks the University of Sydney for the award of University of Sydney International Scholarship (USydIS). We thank GRDC Australia, Borlaug Global Rust Initiative and Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research for financial assistance. Seed of material used in this study was kindly supplied by Mr. Greg Grimes of the Australian Winter Cereals Collection, Tamworth, Australia. Excellent technical assistance was provided by Hanif Miah and Gebrehiwot Abreha.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toor, A.K., Bansal, U.K., Bhardwaj, S. et al. Characterization of stem rust resistance in old tetraploid wheat landraces from the Watkins collection. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 2081–2089 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9975-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9975-2