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Neural functions of bisecting GlcNAc

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Abstract

Bisecting GlcNAc, a branch structure in N-glycan, has unique functions and is involved in several diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this review, we provide an overview of the biosynthesis of bisecting GlcNAc and its physiological and pathological functions, particularly in the nervous system where bisecting GlcNAc is most highly expressed. The biosynthetic enzyme of bisecting GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III (GnT-III). Overexpression, knockdown, and knockout of GnT-III have so far revealed various functions of bisecting GlcNAc, which are mediated by regulating the functions of key carrier proteins. GnT-III-deficient AD model mice showed reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain by suppressing the function of a key Aβ-generating enzyme, β-site APP-cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), and greatly improved AD pathology. Altered BACE1 subcellular localization in GnT-III-deficient cells, from early endosomes to lysosomes, suggests that bisecting GlcNAc serves as a trafficking tag for the movement of modified proteins to an endosomal compartment. For therapeutic application, we have employed high-throughput screening to search for GnT-III inhibitors. These findings highlight the importance of bisecting GlcNAc modification in the nervous system.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) to Y.K. [17 K07356], Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research to NT [15 K14481], Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) to NT [15H04700], Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers (LEADER) project to Y.K. from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), by Takeda Science Foundation, and by Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research. We thank Rebecca Porter, PhD, from Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

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  1. Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Yasuhiko Kizuka

  2. Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuoku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan

    Naoyuki Taniguchi

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  1. Yasuhiko Kizuka
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Kizuka, Y., Taniguchi, N. Neural functions of bisecting GlcNAc. Glycoconj J 35, 345–351 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-018-9829-4

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