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Changes of glycoconjugate expression profiles during early development

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Abstract

A variety of glycoconjugates, including glycosphingolipids (GSLs), expressed in mammalian tissues and cells were isolated and characterized in early biochemical studies. Later studies of virus-transformed fibroblasts demonstrated the association of GSL expression profiles with cell phenotypes. Changes of GSL expression profile were observed during mammalian embryogenesis. Cell surface molecules expressed on embryos in a stage-specific manner appeared to play key roles in regulation of cell-cell interaction and cell sorting during early development. Many mAbs showing stage-specific reactivity with mouse embryos were shown to recognize carbohydrate epitopes. Among various stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), SSEA-1 was found to react with neolacto-series GSL Lex, while SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 reacted with globo-series Gb5 and monosialyl-Gb5, respectively. GSL expression during mouse early development was shown to shift rapidly from globo-series to neolacto/lacto-series, and then to ganglio-series. We found that multivalent Lex caused decompaction of mouse embryos, indicating a functional role of Lex epitope in the compaction process. Autoaggregation of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) F9 cells provided a useful model of the compaction process. We showed that Lex-Lex interaction, a novel type of molecular interavction termed carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction (CCI), was involved in cell aggregation. Similar shifting of GSL expression profiles from globo-series and neolacto/lacto-series to ganglio-series was observed during differentiation of human EC cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells, reflecting the essential role of cell surface glycoconjugates in early development.

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Acknowledgments

Original studies by our group described here were supported by National Institutes of Health R01 CA20026, GM23100, CA080054, National Cancer Institute Outstanding Investigator Grant CA42505 (to S.H.), and The Biomembrane Institute. The authors are grateful to Dr. S. Anderson for English editing of the manuscript, and to Mylinh Bui for secretarial assistance.

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  1. Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA

    Kazuko Handa & Sen-itiroh Hakomori

  2. Departments of Pathobiology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Sen-itiroh Hakomori

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  1. Kazuko Handa
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Correspondence to Sen-itiroh Hakomori.

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Handa, K., Hakomori, Si. Changes of glycoconjugate expression profiles during early development. Glycoconj J 34, 693–699 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-016-9684-0

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